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Organology 2 > Stomach > Flashcards

Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

cell types in gastric glands (8)

A
  • mucous (neck) cels
  • gastric surface mucous cells
  • parietal cells
  • chief/zymogen/peptic cells
  • enteroendocrine cells
  • undifferentiated (cuboidal) cells
  • mucous cells of glands
  • goblet cells
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2
Q

mucous (neck) cells

A
  • predominant cell type in pyloric and cardiac glands
  • low columnar or cuboidal (flattened/crescent shaped nucleus)
  • neck of fundic gland
  • basophilic cytoplasm
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3
Q

gastric surface mucous cells

A
  • columnar cells in a sheet
  • basal nuclei not flat
  • secrete mucins, HCO3
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4
Q

parietal cells

A
  • fundic glands
  • large, pyramidal, acidophilic
  • bulge toward periphery
  • many mitochondria
  • intracelluar canaliculus when active (microvilli)
  • inactive: tubulovesiclar membranes
  • produce acidity –> pump H and Cl into lumen
  • secrete intrinsic factor
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5
Q

chief/zymogen/peptic cells

A
  • fundic glands
  • most numerous cell type
  • columnar
  • pale basophilic staining
  • apices have zymogen granules with pepsinogen, gastric lipase
  • secrete rennin in young animals
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6
Q

enteroendocrine cells

A
  • APUD system
  • sparsely in stomach/intestine
  • basal granules
  • singly, adjacent to basal lamina
  • apex may not reach lumen
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7
Q

APUD cells

A
  • enteroendocrine cells
  • secrete mostly into interstitium where hormones diffuse into blood vessels/nearby target cells
  • secretions important for coordination and control of GI function
  • cell may secrete more than 1 type of hormone
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8
Q

undifferentiated (cuboidal) cells

A
  • in neck region

- give rise to all cells of gastric gland

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9
Q

how do mucous cells differ

A
  • in type of mucin produced
  • mucin = glycoproteins (mucus)
  • mucus = free “slime” of mucous membranes
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10
Q

mucous cells of glands

A
  • low columnar
  • flattened/crescent shaped basal nuclei
  • predominant cell in cardiac/pyloric glands
  • in fundic gland region: mucous neck cells
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11
Q

goblet cells

A
  • singly or in small clusters throughout intestine
  • narrow base, flared apex
  • flattened basal nuclei
  • also in respiratory system, some large ducts
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12
Q

epithelium of ruminant forestomach

A
  • stratified squamous, slightly cornified
  • cell to cell attachment by desmosomes
  • swollen cells
  • wide intercellular spaces for absorption
  • VFAs are absorbed and metaboolized
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13
Q

t muscularis and t serosa in ruminant forestomach

A
  • t muscularis: present in all compartments with 2 layers

- t serosa present

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14
Q

rumen

A
  • luminal surface: papillae (size variation)
  • muscularis mucosa is absent
  • fibroblasts
  • no smooth muscle
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15
Q

reticulum

A
  • mechanical digestion
  • reticular groove
  • muscularis mucosa in free edge of honeycomb folds, lips of reticular groove
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16
Q

omasum

A
  • mechanical digestion

- muscularis mucosa and t muscularis interdigitate

17
Q

plicae circularis

A
  • folds of mucosa and submucosa that are permanent in some species
  • increase surface area of jejunum especially
18
Q

t mucosa of small intestine

A
  • intestinal villi
  • central lacteal (blind ended lymphatic) in center of villus for chylomicron transport
  • strands of smooth muscle from muscularis mucosa extend into villus
  • intestinal mucosal glands –> crypts
19
Q

lamina propria of small intestine

A
  • reticular fibers and many free cells
  • lymphatic nodules
  • peyer’s patches (ileum)
20
Q

muscularis mucosa of small intestine

A

2 layers of smooth muscle

21
Q

t submucosa of small intestine

A
  • aggregated lymphatic nodules in ileum
  • intestinal submucosal glands
  • submucosal nerve plexus
22
Q

intestinal submucosal glands of small intestine

A
  • simple branched tubuloacinar glands
  • open into base of intestinal mucosal glands
  • apical membrane bound granules and basal RER
  • secretion is mucous or serous or mixed, protective substances (intestinal mucosal barrier)
23
Q

t muscularis/serosa of small intestine

A
  • muscularis: 2 layers of smooth muscle, myenteric nerve plexus
  • t serosa

Organology 2 (4 decks)

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