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Organology 2 > Oral cavity > Flashcards

Oral cavity Flashcards

1
Q

2 things lining oral cavity

A
  • stratified squamous epithelium

- mucous membrane

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2
Q

stratified squamous epithelium of oral cavity

A

keratinized in herbivores

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3
Q

mucous membrane of oral cavity

A
  • includes epithelium and CT

- secretions keep moist

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4
Q

lips

A

mucocutaneous junction that form the entrance to oral cavity

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5
Q

layers of the lips

A
  • stratified squamous epithelium
  • underlying lamina propria/submucosa forms long papillae which extend into epithelial layer
  • core contains fibroelastic CT and skeletal muscle
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6
Q

what does palate form

A

dorsal wall of oral cavity

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7
Q

2 parts of palate

A

-hard palate
(dental pad in ruminants)
-soft palate

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8
Q

hard palate

A
  • mucous membrane over bone
  • transverse ridges rostrally
  • submucosa continuous with periosteum of bones
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9
Q

dental pad

A
  • ruminants
  • rostral part of hard palate
  • replaces upper incisors
  • thick stratum corneum
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10
Q

soft palate

A
  • caudal to hard palate
  • mucous membrane covering skeletal muscles
  • lymphatic nodules and glands
  • transition to respiratory epithelium on dorsal surface
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11
Q

buccal wall

A
  • deep to facial muscles

- salivary glands and openings of ducts from major salivary glands

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12
Q

tongue

A
  • mucous membrane sack
  • filled with skeletal muscles in all planes
  • intrinsic and extrinsic muscles
  • epithelium thicker on dorsal than ventral surface
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13
Q

lyssa

A
  • mid ventral on tongue of dog
  • collagenous tube
  • filled with fat/CT
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14
Q

2 functions of epithelial papillae

A
  • mechanical (keratinized)

- gustatory (sensory –> taste buds)

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15
Q

6 types of papillae

A
  • filiform
  • conical
  • lenticular
  • fungiform
  • vallate
  • foliate
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16
Q

filiform papillae

A
  • mechanical
  • dorsal surface of rostral 2/3
  • processes keratinized, point caudally
  • grasping food/grooming
  • size varies
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17
Q

conical papillae

A
  • mechanical
  • root of tongue and cheek inner surface
  • large
  • keratinized epithelium, large CT core
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18
Q

lenticular papillae

A
  • mechanical
  • large and grossly visible (lentil shaped)
  • keratinized
  • dorsal prominence of tongue in ruminants
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19
Q

fungiform papillae

A
  • gustatory/mechanical
  • scattered on rostral dorsal surface
  • species specific distribution
  • may be keratinized in herbivores
  • taste buds on dorsal surface in carnivores, lateral surface in herbivores
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20
Q

vallate papillae

A
  • gustatory
  • arranged in a V at rostral border of root
  • each surrounded by depression called a moat
  • taste buds on lateral surface and open into moat
  • number varies with species
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21
Q

foliate papillae

A
  • gustatory
  • lateral margin of tongue
  • leaf-like
  • separated by furrows
  • taste buds on the lateral surfaces
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22
Q

gustatory glands

A
  • serous secreting
  • ducts opening into moat around vallate papillae or into furrows between foliate papillae
  • secretions are medium through which chemicals diffuse to taste buds
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23
Q

where are taste buds located

A
  • fungiform, vallate, foliate papillae
  • epiglottis
  • soft palate
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24
Q

what are taste buds comprised of

A

oval clusters of columnar cells located within the epithelium and extending through its thickness

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25
Q

taste pore

A

opens into oral cavity

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26
Q

cell types of taste buds

A
  • sensory (neuroepithelial) cells
  • supportive (sustentacular) cells
  • basal cells
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27
Q

sensory (neuroepithelial) cells

A

taste receptors on apical processes, basal synaptic vesicles, and apparent nerve contacts

28
Q

supportive (sustentacular) cells

A

apical microvilli and higher levels of L-type Ca channels needed for nerve impulse generation

29
Q

what do interactions between sensory and supportive cells influence

A

tastant sensitivity (paracrine –> CCK or serotonin)

30
Q

basal cells

A

divide to replace sensory/sustentacular cells every few days

31
Q

types of taste receptors (2)

A
  • metabotropic (G-protein coupled - gusducin)

- ionotropic (direct ion channels)

32
Q

taste modalities (5)

A
  • sweet
  • umami
  • bitter
  • salt
  • sour
33
Q

sweet taste info

A
  • ligands: mono/di/polysaccharides, sweeteners

- species: cat has T1R2 frameshift deletion (no detection)

34
Q

umami info

A
  • ligand: amino acids

- species: mostly glutamate in humans, all amino acids in mice

35
Q

bitter info

A
  • ligands: vegetable alkyloids, quinine

- species: T2R receptors in gastric and duodenal enteroendocrine cells

36
Q

salt info

A

-ligand: sodium ions

37
Q

sour info

A

-ligand: organic acids

38
Q

2 ways to classify teeth

A
  • type of growth

- period of function

39
Q

2 classifications of teeth according to type of growth

A
  • brachydont

- hypsodont

40
Q

brachydont teeth

A
  • short tooth
  • finite growth period
  • limited period of eruption
  • humans, carnivores, pigs, ruminant incisors
41
Q

hypsodont teeth

A
  • continuously erupting through gingiva
  • some have finite period of growth (horse teeth, ruminant cheek teeth)
  • some continuously growing (boar/elephant tusks, rodent/lagomorph incisors)
42
Q

2 classifications of teeth according to period of function

A
  • deciduous (baby teeth)

- permanent (adult teeth)

43
Q

crown

A
  • part of tooth distal to neck
  • clinical crown is part exposed through gingiva
  • composed of layers of enamel over dentin
44
Q

gingiva

A
  • gum
  • anchored to enamel by basal lamina-like substances and hemidesmosomes
  • attachment at tooth neck
45
Q

neck

A

constriction in the tooth just below surface of gingiva

46
Q

root

A
  • anchored in a bony alveolus

- composed of mineralized dentin covered by cementum

47
Q

pulp cavity

A
  • located in center of tooth

- contains nerves, vascular supply, fibroblasts, colagen fibers

48
Q

periodontal ligament

A
  • consists of perforating collagen fibers
  • anchored in both bony alveolus of jaw and in cementum of root
  • acts as shock absorber
  • holds tooth in place
49
Q

list mineralized tissues in teeth

A
  • enamel
  • dentin
  • cementum
50
Q

enamel

A
  • formed by ameloblasts
  • hardest part of tooth
  • organized into enamel prisms
  • composed of acellular organic matrix (not collagen) and hydroxyapatite
51
Q

does enamel form after eruption of the tooth

A

no

52
Q

dentin

A
  • produced by odontoblasts
  • harder than bone
  • composed of collagen and hydroxyapatide
  • formed throughout life (and in response to injury)
53
Q

what is dentin layer traversed by

A

dentinal canaliculu or tubules which contain odontoblast or dentinal processes extending to the enamel layer and nerves

54
Q

cementum

A
  • produced by cementoblasts
  • like bone except no osteons
  • cementocytes in lacunae within cementum
55
Q

enamel organ

A
  • epithelial ingrowth

- takes on shape of future tooth

56
Q

inner enamel epithelium

A
  • innermost layer of cells
  • differentiates into ameloblasts
  • produce enamel
57
Q

outer enamel epithelium

A

peripheral layer of cells

58
Q

stellate reticulum

A

comprised of cells of the enamel organ between inner and outer enamel epithelium

59
Q

epithelial root sheath

A
  • rum of enamel organ

- induces odontoblasts of the dental papilla to form denin of the root

60
Q

dental papilla

A
  • condensation of mesenchyme
  • induced by developing enamel organ
  • layer differentiates into odontoblasts
  • form dentin of the crown
61
Q

dental sac

A
  • condensation of CT
  • forms around the entire developing tooth
  • gives rise to cementoblasts
62
Q

eruption

A

the process of tooth emergence through the gingiva

63
Q

hypsodont tooth body

A
  • no distinct neck or crown

- entire tooth covered by cementum

64
Q

hypsodont tooth root

A
  • confined to a short area with no enamel

- almost entire tooth covered by layers of dentin, enamel, cementum

65
Q

enamel crests of hypsodont

A
  • ridges formed on the occlusal surface by uneven wear

- enamel forms ridged grinding surface

66
Q

development of hypsodont teeth

A
  • enamel organ collapses before eruption
  • cementum formation starts before eruption
  • cementum covers entire outer surface of tooth
  • continuously growing
67
Q

periodontal disease

A

buildup of tartar and/or calculus between tooth and gingiva –> loss of bone, disruption of attachment of periodontal ligament

Organology 2 (4 decks)

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