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Organology 2 > Oral cavity 2 > Flashcards

Oral cavity 2 Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of innervation for salivary glands and products

A
  • sympathetic: thick saliva

- parasympathetic: watery saliva

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2
Q

2 types of salivary glands

A
  • minor

- major

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3
Q

minor salivary glands

A
  • scattered in submucosal CT

- named for location

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4
Q

major salivary glands

A
  • compound glands
  • encapsulated with thin septa between lobules
  • within lobules: loose CT, lymphocytes, and/or plasma cells
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5
Q

parotid gland secretion

A

serous

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6
Q

mandibular gland secretion

A

mixed serous and mucous

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7
Q

sublingual gland secretion

A

mixed serous and mucous

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8
Q

zygomatic gland secretion

A

mixed serous and mucous

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9
Q

molar/buccal gland secretion

A

mixed serous and mucous

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10
Q

types of secretory cells of salivary glands (3)

A
  • serous cells
  • mucous cells
  • myoepithelial cells
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11
Q

serous cells

A
  • form acini or demilunes

- canaliculi between mucous cells connect demilunes to gland lumen

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12
Q

acinar and demilune cells info

A
  • from serous cells

- apical membrane bound granules, RER, golgi

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13
Q

mucous cells

A
  • form acini or tubuloacinar units

- apical mucinogen granules, flattened basal nuclei, and basal RER/golgi

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14
Q

myoepithelial cells

A
  • processes surround acini and intercalated ducts
  • located on epithelial side of basal lamina
  • contraction of processes helps move secretions along duct system
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15
Q

what do intralobular secretory duct secrete

A

H2O, electrolytes

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16
Q

2 types of intralobular secretory ducts

A
  • intercalated ducts

- striated ducts

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17
Q

intercalated ducts

A
  • smallest part of duct system
  • pale low cuboidal cells
  • short
  • arise from acini
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18
Q

striated ducts

A
  • columnar cells (transport epithelium)
  • striations –> increased area for ion transport processes
  • not prominent in zygomatic/molar glands
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19
Q

2 types of excretory ducts

A
  • interlobular ducts

- main ducts

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20
Q

interlobular duct

A
  • columnar to stratified cuboidal

- thin CT layer surrounding and between lobules

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21
Q

main duct

A
  • terminal portion of sytem
  • stratified cuboidal epithelium
  • stratified squamous near duct opening
  • open into oral cavity
  • may contain goblet cells
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22
Q

structure of minor glands

A
  • similar to major glands except smaller and less complex
  • secretory lobules
  • duct system (cuboidal to stratified cuboidal)
  • no striated ducts
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23
Q

functions of salivary glands (6)

A
  • protection
  • lubrication
  • fluid
  • IgA
  • digestive enzymes
  • electrolyte balance
24
Q

functions of GI tract

A
  • movement of ingesta
  • digestion (mechanical, chemical)
  • absorption
  • secretion
25
Q

4 layers of tubular organs

A
  • tunica mucosa
  • tunica submucosa
  • tunica muscularis
  • tunica adventita/serosa
26
Q

tunica mucosa components

A
  • innermost layer (most variation)
  • epithelium
  • lamina propria
  • muscularis mucosa
  • mucosal glands
  • villi
27
Q

epithelium of t. mucosa

A
  • stratified squamous in the mouth, esophagus, non-glandular stomach, anal canal
  • simple columnar from glandular stomach through rectum
28
Q

lamina propria of t mucosa

A
  • thin CT layer
  • may or may not be on thin layer of muscle
  • fine collagen fibers, cellulae
  • abundant diffuse lymphatic tissue
  • solitary or aggregated lymphatic nodules (GALT)
29
Q

muscularis mucosa of t mucosa

A
  • smooth muscle

- 0-3 layers between t. mucosa and t. submucosa

30
Q

mucosal glands of t. mucosa

A
  • glandular stomach through rectum

- structure and cells vary with organ

31
Q

t submucosa

A
  • coarse CT
  • glands in some parts of esophagus/duodenum
  • larger blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels
  • submucosal nerve plexus (sympathetic/parasympathetic fibers, parasympathetic terminal ganglia)
  • lymphatic nodules, free cells
32
Q

t muscularis

A
  • 2 layers of smooth muscle
  • inner: form sphincters
  • outer: form longitudinal bands
  • myenteric plexus (parasympathetic terminal ganglia, autonomic fibers)
33
Q

t adventitia v serosa

A
  • adventita: ill-defined layer of CT blending with surrounding CT
  • serosa: thin CT layer covering mesothelium
34
Q

esophagus

A
  • longitudinal folds

- elastic fibers

35
Q

t mucosa of esophagus

A
  • epithelium: stratified squamous, keratinized in herbivores/pigs
  • muscularis mucoda: longitudinal orientation, may be absent/sparse cranially, increases thickness caudally
36
Q

t submucosa of esophagus

A
  • tubuloacinar glands (mostly mucous, some serous demilune cells)
  • glands only found cranially
37
Q

t muscularis of esophagus

A
  • inner circular, outer longitudinal layers
  • striated muscle entire length in dogs, ruminants
  • striated muscle cranially only in cat, pig, horse
  • circular layers form sphincter
38
Q

t adventitia/serosa of esophagus

A
  • adventitia: most of esophagus

- serosa: small area adjacent to stomach

39
Q

functions of simple glandular stomach

A
  • storage/mixing
  • mechanical/chemical digestion
  • secretions
40
Q

regions of simple stomach (3)

A
  • cardiac
  • pyloric
  • fundic
41
Q

cardiac region of stomach

A
  • near esophagus
  • may be small
  • predominantly mucous cells
  • pits and glands may be relatively short
42
Q

pyloric region of stomach

A
  • near pyloris
  • predominantly mucous cells
  • deepest pits
  • short, coiled glands
  • thickest t muscularis
43
Q

fundic region of stomach

A
  • body and fundus
  • largest region
  • greatest variety of cell types in glands
44
Q

what is non-glandular stomach region lined by

A

stratified squamous epithelium

45
Q

t mucosa of stomach

A
  • gastric folds: gastric areas and pits
  • areas are permanent elevations
  • pit depth varies
  • tall columnar epithelium lining pits
  • base of pits: gastric glands
46
Q

lamina propria of stomach

A
  • sparse
  • fine collagen fibers and free cells between gastric glands
  • varying amounts of diffuse lymphoid tissue
47
Q

subglandular layer of stomach

A
  • carnivores
  • protects against perforation and microbial invasion
  • border between lamina propria and muscularis mucosa
48
Q

2 parts of subglandular layer of stomach

A
  • stratum granulosum (cellular)

- stratum compactum (packed collagen fibers)

49
Q

muscularis mucosa of stomach

A
  • 3 layers of smooth muscle

- strands from inner layer extend between glands toward mucosal surface

50
Q

t submucosa of stomach

A
  • coarse CT
  • abundant free cells
  • largest blood vessels
  • submucosal plexus
51
Q

t muscularis of stomach

A
  • 3 layers: inner oblique, middle circular, outer longitudinal
  • myenteric plexus
52
Q

t serosa of stomach

A

covers outermost surface

53
Q

luminal gastric surface and gastric pit epithelial cells of stomach

A
  • columnar mucus secreting cells
  • mitoses in base of gastric pit (older cells displaced toward lumen)
  • entire epithelium replaced every few days
  • cells sloughed from surface epithelium
54
Q

gastric gland cells

A
  • replaced by mitoses occurring in gland neck region

- older cells displaced toward base of gland

55
Q

gastric mucosal barrier

A
  • protects gastric mucosa from acid stomach contents and physical damage
  • alkaline mucus and HCO3

Organology 2 (4 decks)

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