Stolypin's Reforms

Question 1

What reform did Stolypin introduce to make the Duma more efficient and effective?

Answer 1

The Committee System

Question 2

For what two key reforms did Stolypin need to use Article 87, demonstrating perhaps failure to achieve a working relationship with the Duma?

Answer 2

Land reform and the Western Zemstvo Bill

Question 3

What did Stolypin replace hated land captains with?

Answer 3

Justices of the Peace

Question 4

What did Stolypin introduce to bring about faster trials to help the army maintain control amongst the peasantry?

Answer 4

Field Court Martials in Summer 1906

Question 5

How many hangings and arrests/exiles to Siberia took place under him?

Answer 5

15,000 hangings and 45,000 exiles

Question 6

How many mutinies in the army took place between May and June 1906?

Answer 6

141

Question 7

What was Stolypin’s major land reform. issued by Ukase in 1906?

Answer 7

Peasants were given the unconditional right to privately owned land. They were allowed to pull out of the mir and stop strip farming.

Question 8

How much did grain production grow per annum between 1883-1914? Did this keep pace with the population?

Answer 8

2.1% - yes it kept pace with population growth

Question 9

What was the annual rate increase in investment in agricultural machinery under Stolypin?

Answer 9

9%

Question 10

How many individual farms were set up out of them all?

Answer 10

2m / 12m

Question 11

Did livestock sizes keep pace with the population size?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

What proportion of peasants from communes had enclosed their lands by 1917?

Answer 12

77%

Question 13

Where did the highest percentage of land enclosures take place and why?

Answer 13

In more western areas of Russia such as Ukraine where peasants had more experience of land ownership and technology was slightly more developed

Question 14

In 1917, how much land was still farmed using the strip system?

Answer 14

90%

Question 15

Where did Stolypin’s reforms have the least impact? Why was this a problem?

Answer 15

In central regions of Russia where the problems of social disturbance were the most

Question 16

How much land did the Peasant bank purchase from the nobility to redistribute to the peasants in the first year?

Answer 16

183 million acres

Question 17

What was Stolypin’s political objective for land reform? What was the process called?

Answer 17

“A wager on the strong and sober” - Stolypin hoped to create a layer of successful farmers who had made themselves well off from private, consolidated land. These would then support the government by virtue of their economic well-being.

Question 18

What was set up to help peasants buy their own land?

Answer 18

The Peasant Land Bank

Question 19

What happened to the taxes for a significant minority of peasants in the decade before 1914? What does this suggest?

Answer 19

They increased – suggesting their earnings and landholdings also increased

Question 20

How did Stolypin make the peasants feel as if they had more of a voice in their local politics? Which reforms was he however unable to pass to improve their status?

Answer 20

They were given more power in Zemstvo elections

BUT - United Nobility and State Council forced him to give up reforms to give peasants equal representation in the zemstvos and abolish peasant-class courts.

Question 21

What was the main desire of peasants which Stolypin failed to address?

Answer 21

The redistribution of noble estates

Question 22

What was economic growth between 1908 and 1914?

Answer 22

8.5%

Question 23

How much did inflation increase 1908-1914? How much did wages rise by?

Answer 23

Inflation increased by 40% whereas wages only rose 7%

Question 24

What event sparked more protests amongst workers?

Answer 24

The Lena Goldfields Massacre

Question 25

When did the General Strike in St Petersburg take place?

Answer 25

1914

Question 26

What did the growing focus on armaments production mean for agriculture?

Answer 26

It meant that there was less investment in agricultural tools and machinery

Question 27

How much did spending on the Zemstva increase? (1907 to 1913) What proportion of this was spent on education?

Answer 27

From 2 million to 40 million roubles

3/4 spent on education

Question 28

When was the law for universal primary education introduced?

Answer 28

1908

Question 29

What did Stolypin do in an attempt to attract more people to the teaching profession? How many teachers were there in 1896 compared to 1914?

Answer 29

He increased teachers’ salaries
1896 = 114,000
1914 = 280,000

Question 30

How much did literacy rates increase between 1897 and 1917?

Answer 30

They doubled

Question 31

In 1915, what proportion of Zemstvos operated free primary education for everyone?

Answer 31

Only 3%

Question 32

What percentage of children attended primary school in 1914 Russia?

Answer 32

40%

Question 33

How much did Russia’s savings account grow by between 1905 and 1913 as a result of the improving economy?

Answer 33

From 4.988m to 8.992m roubles

Question 34

How many strikers were there in 1905? How many had that fallen to in 1910?

Answer 34

2.863m in 1905

47,000 in 1910

Question 35

How many primary schools were built yearly until 1913 following the Universal Primary Education Bill?

Answer 35

Around 10,000