Nicholas' Russia 1900

Question 1

What were Police able to do from March 1882?

Answer 1

Declare any citizen under surveillance of the police

Question 2

What proportion of children did not reach 5 in rural areas?

Answer 2

47%

Question 3

How many ethnic groups made up the Russian empire?

Answer 3

Between 30-40

Question 4

How large was Nicholas’ empire?

Answer 4

Around 5,500 miles wide

Question 5

What proportion of the population did the peasantry make up?

Answer 5

80%

Question 6

How much land did the nobility own?

Answer 6

25%

Question 7

What proportion of the Russian population followed the Orthodox church?

Answer 7

80%

Question 8

For how many people did 1 church and a priest in Moscow serve? (weakening of the church through urbanisation)

Answer 8

40,000

Question 9

How much land was cultivated successfully? (proportion)

Answer 9

10%

Question 10

What proportion of the World’s grain exports came from Russia?

Answer 10

36.4%

Question 11

How many men made up the standing Russian army?

Answer 11

1.3m

Question 12

What proportion of the annual budget was spent on the forces?

Answer 12

45%

Question 13

How did one become an officer in the Russian army?

Answer 13

Through paying for the position

Question 14

How many people had been sent to Siberia by 1900?

Answer 14

300,000

Question 15

Who was Nicholas’ tutor? How did he describe democracy?

Answer 15

Pobedonostsev

“A falsehood”

Question 16

What were the drawbacks of the Obschina agricultural system?

Answer 16

• Strip farming + allocation of land yearly meant land was often not looked after and prepared for the following season.
• Inefficient farming since land was owned in multiple locations
• Land too spaced apart and thin for new machinery to be used

Question 17

In what year was there starvation from a particularly bad harvest? How many people died? What angered the people about the Government’s response here?

Answer 17

1891 – 400,000 deaths. The Government continued to export grain abroad despite those at home needing the food desperately. Also didn’t give people food parcels until they received satisfactory statistics they needed it, so it often arrived too late. New jobs they ‘made’ also went to people found out to be dead.

Question 18

Why did Witte erect high tariffs? What impact did this have on agricultural modernisation?

Answer 18

Witte erected high tariffs to protect Russian industry but meant modern farming equipment often didn’t make it into the countryside since it had to be imported at high costs.

Question 19

When was the Trans-Siberian railway completed?

Answer 19

1903

Question 20

How much did iron and coal production increase between 1890 and 1900?

Answer 20

Iron tripled

Coal doubled

Question 21

What was foreign investment in 1890, 1900 and 1914?

Answer 21

1890- 215 million roubles
1900 – 911 million roubles
1914 – 2000 million roubles

Question 22

What did Witte describe as “one of the greatest successes in the peaceful cultural development of mankind”? When did this happen?

Answer 22

Russia joining the gold standard

1896

Question 23

In 1904, how many people lived in the average St Petersburg apartment?

Answer 23

16

Question 24

What proportion of the Russian population were factory workers 1914?

Answer 24

2%

Question 25

How much was industrial growth in 1900?

Answer 25

8%

Question 26

Why did industrial growth fall to 1.4% in 1900-1906?

Answer 26

Due to the depression

Question 27

What were urban literacy rates in 1900?

Answer 27

57.8% literacy rate in city, 29.6% overall

Question 28

How much did St Petersburg’s population grow by between 1890 and 1900? What about 1890 to 1914?

Answer 28

Grew by 250,000 in the last decade of the C19th

Doubled in population size between 1890 and 1914

Question 29

Why was agriculture not modernised by Witte?

Answer 29

Because he invested in heavy industry instead

Question 30

For how many houses was running water available in St Petersburg?

Answer 30

1/3

Question 31

What constantly threatened poor health in cities?

Answer 31

Poor sewage systems and a lack of clean water

Question 32

How did urbanisation increase dissent towards the tsar?

Answer 32

• Weakened influence of the church
• Urban workers had space for discussion and debate at work
• New ideas spread faster
• More people were literate and hence could read political works

Question 33

How many urban workers were there by 1900?

Answer 33

3m

Question 34

How much railway production was state-owned by 1900?

Answer 34

70%

Question 35

The introduction of what organisation by Alexander II had prompted the growth of the liberals?

Answer 35

The Zemstvos

Question 36

What was the main demand of the Union of Liberation?

Answer 36

A constitutional monarchy

Question 37

What was the name of the newspaper founded by Peter Struve in 1902?

Answer 37

Liberation

Question 38

When was the first St Petersburg All-Zemstvo Congress? What did they call for?

Answer 38

November 1904

A constitutional monarchy and an end to the Russo-Japanese War

Question 39

How many students were killed/ arrested in demonstration in Petersburg 1901?

Answer 39

13 killed and 1500 arrested

Question 40

By 1900, what proportion of Russia’s heavy industries were foreign owned?

Answer 40

Around a half

Question 41

By 1900, what was Russia the second largest source of in the world? What had allowed Russia to develop its extraction of resources?

Answer 41

Petroleum

Developments in the railway system

Question 42

By 1910, how many cities had more than 100,000 residents?

Answer 42

12

Question 43

What was the mileage of railroads in 1891 and 1901?

Answer 43

1891 = 19,500
1901 = 33,000

Question 44

When was the Russian Governor General of Finland assassinated? When was Russification introduced to Finland?

Answer 44

1904

1891

Question 45

When was the Jewish Bund founded? What did they advocate for?

Answer 45

1897

Advocated for national cultural autonomy and an end to discrimination