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Infection > STIs > Flashcards

STIs Flashcards

1
Q

What causes gonorrhoea?

A

neiserria gonorrhoea

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2
Q

What are symptoms of gonorrhoea in men?

A

10% no symptoms
Thick yellow discharge, dysuria

Rectal and pharyngeal infection often asymptomatic

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3
Q

What are symptoms of gonorrhoea in women?

A

50% no symptoms

Vaginal discharge, dysuria, intermenstrual/post-coital bleeding

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4
Q

What are complications of gonorrhoea?

A

Men; epididymitis

Women; PID, bartholin’s abscess

Both; acute monoarthritis, disseminated gonococcal infection: skin lesions

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5
Q

What is the incubation period for gonorrhoea?

A

5-6days but can range from 2 days to 2 weeks

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6
Q

How is gonorrhoea diagnosed?

A

Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) on urine or swab from exposed site

Gram stained smear from urethra/cervix/rectum in symptomatic people

Culture of swab-obtained specimen using highly selective lysed blood agar in 5% CO2 environment to assess AB sensitivity

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7
Q

What is treatment for gonorrhoea?

A

Blind with ceftriaxone 1g im

Can also use sensitivities

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8
Q

What is follow-up for gonorrhoea?

A

Test of cure at 2 weeks and test of re-infection at 3 months

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9
Q

What causes chlamydia?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis serovars D to K

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10
Q

What are symptoms of chlamydia in men?

A

> 70% asymptomatic
Slight watery discharge, dysuria
Conjunctivitis

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11
Q

What are symptoms of chlamydia in women?

A

> 80% asymptomatic

Vaginal discharge, dysuria, intermenstrual/post-coital bleeding
Conjunctivitis

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12
Q

What are complications of chlamydia?

A

Men; epididymitis

Women; PID and ectopic pregnancy, pelvic pain and infertility (rare ~1%)

Both; reactive arthritis/Reiter’s syndrome, urethritis/cervicitis

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13
Q

How is chlamydia diagnosed?

A

First void urine in men

Swab from cervix/urethra/rectum as appropriate

All specimens tested using NAAT

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14
Q

What is treatment of chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline 100mg bd 1 week

Azithromycin 1g po once if pregnant

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15
Q

What is follow-up for chlamydia?

A

Test for re-infection at 3-12 months

Earlier test of cure unnecessary unless symptoms persist

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16
Q

What causes herpes?

A

Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2

17
Q

What are symptoms of herpes?

A

80% no symptoms

Rest recurring symptoms; monthly/annually

Burning/itching then blistering then tender ulceration

Tender inguinal lymphadenopathy

Flu-like symptoms

Dysuria, neuralgic pain in back, pelvis, legs

18
Q

What are complications of herpes?

A

autonomic neuropathy (urinary retention), neonatal infection

19
Q

How is herpes diagnosed?

A

Clinical impression

Swab from lesion tested using PCR

20
Q

What is treatment for herpes?

A

Primary outbreak; aciclovir - various regimens, lidocaine ointment

Infrequent recurrences; lidocaine ointment, aciclovir until symptoms gone

Frequent recurrences; aciclovir

21
Q

What causes trichomoniasis?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

22
Q

What are symptoms of trichomoniasis?

A

Men; usually asymptomatic

Women; 10-30% asymptomatic, profuse thin discharge; greenish, frothy and foul smelling, vulvitis

23
Q

What are complications of trichomoniasis?

A

Miscarriage and preterm labour

24
Q

How is trichomoniasis diagnosed?

A

PCR on vaginal swab

Microscopy of wet preparation vaginal discharge

25
Q

What is the treatment for trichomoniasis?

A

Metronidazole 400mg po bd for 5 days or 2 single dose

26
Q

What causes anogenital warts?

A

HPV 6 and 11

27
Q

What are symptoms of anogenital warts?

A

Lumps with surface texture small cauliflower

Occasional itching or bleeding esp if perianal or intraurethral

28
Q

How are anogenital warts diagnosed?

A

Appearance

Biopsy if unusual (rare)

29
Q

What is the treatment for anogenital warts?

A

Podophyllotoxin, imiquimod

Cryotherapy

Diathermy, scissor removal

30
Q

What causes syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

31
Q

What are the stages of syphilis?

A

Primary; local ulcer (chancre)

Secondary; rash, mucosal irritation, neuro symptoms, patchy alopecia

Early latent; no symptoms but <2yrs since caught

Late latent; no symptoms but ≥2yrs since caught

Tertiary; neurological, CV or gummatous

32
Q

What are complications of syphilis?

A

neurosyphilis

cardiac or aortal involvement

33
Q

How is syphilis diagnosed?

A

Clinical appearance

Serology for TP IgGEIA, TPPA and RPR

PCR on sample from ulcer

34
Q

What is treatment for syphilis?

A

Early; benzathine penicillin 2.4 MU IM once or doxycycline 100mg bd po 2 weeks

Late; benzathine 2.4 MU im weekly for 3 doses
Doxycycline 100 mg bd po 28 days

Infection (15 decks)

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