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Infection > Immunisation and Prophylaxis > Flashcards

Immunisation and Prophylaxis Flashcards

1
Q

Why use a live vaccine vs killed vaccine?

A

Killed vaccine has lower immune response so more doses required whilst with a live vaccine you get high sustained levels of antibody after one dose

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2
Q

What are the types of vaccines?

A

Live attenuated
Inactivated (killed)
Detoxified exotoxin
Subunit of micro-organism; purified microbial products, recombinant

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3
Q

What are some live attenuated vaccines?

A

MMR, BCG, VZV, yellow fever, smallpox, typhoid (oral), polio (oral), rotavirus (oral)

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4
Q

What are some inactivated vaccines?

A

Polio, Hep A, cholera (oral), rabies, Japanese encephalitis, tick borne encephalitis, influenza

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5
Q

What are some detoxified exotoxin vaccines?

A

diptheria, tetanua

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6
Q

What are some subunit vaccines?

A

pertussis, haemophilus influenza B, meningococcus group C, pneumococcus, typhoid, anthrax, hep B

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7
Q

What is the 6 in 1 virus for?

A
  • D = purified diphtheria toxoid
  • T = purified tetanus toxoid
  • aP = purified Bordtella pertussis
  • IPV = inactivated polio virus
  • Hib = purified component of Haemophilus influenzae B
  • HBV = hep B rDNA
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8
Q

What is the childhood vaccination schedule up to 1 year?

A

2 months; 6in1 + pneumococcal conjugate + rotavirus + MenB

3 months; 6in1 + rotavirus

4 months; 6in1 + pneumococcal conjugate + MenB

1 year; Hib/MenC + MMR + pneumococcal conjugate + MenB

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9
Q

What is the childhood vaccination schedule from 2-8 years?

A

influenza nasal

3-5 years; 4in1 booster + MMR

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10
Q

What are the teenage vaccinations?

A

Girls 12,13 years; HPV

14 years; 3in1 booster, MenACWY

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11
Q

What are the additional vaccinations available to certain groups?

A

BCG, influenza, pneumococcal, HepB, VZV, HZV

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12
Q

Describe immunisation in travellers

A

Risk assessment; health of traveller, previous immunisations, area to be visited, duration, accomodation, remote areas, activities, recent outbreaks

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13
Q

What general advice is given to travellers?

A 
Care with food/water
Hand washing
Sunburn/stroke
Altitude
RTAs
Safe sex
Mosquitoes
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14
Q

What are common travel immunisations?

A 
Teatnus
Polio
Typhoid
Hep A
Yellow fever
Cholera
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15
Q

What is the ABCD of malaria prevention?

A

Awareness of risk
Bite prevention
Chemoprophylaxis
Diagnosis and treatment

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16
Q

Describe malaria chemoprophylaxis

A

Malarone daily

Doxycycline daily; not children <12, photosensitivity

Mefloquine weekly; side effects - psychosis and nightmares

Chloroquine weekly + proquanil daily

What type depends on country

17
Q

What red flags suggest serious pathology?

A 
Severe, worsening pain
Night pain disturbing sleep
Non-mechanical pain
General malaise, febrile, rigors
Unexplained weight loss, anorexia, night sweats
Past history malignant disease

Infection (15 decks)

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