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Medical Bacteriology > STIs > Flashcards

STIs Flashcards

1
Q

What is gonoccocal urtheritis/cervicitis/proctitis caused by?

A

N. gonorrhea

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2
Q

What is non-gonoccocal urtheritis/cervicitis/proctitis caused by? (3)

A

Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum

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3
Q

What is the morphology and Gram-staining of N. gonorrheae

A

Diplocci, G-ve

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4
Q

What causes the second most common STI in the UK?

A

N. gonorrhoeae

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5
Q

Is N. gonorheaea intracellular or extracellular?

A

Intracellular

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6
Q

Symptoms of gonorrhoea

A
  • Pus from urethra/vagina/rectum
  • Burning sensation
  • Testicle/scrotum pain
  • Anal itching and bleeding
  • Sore throat (oral inoculation)
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7
Q

Symptoms of genital gonorrhoea compared to non-gonococcal urethritis?

A

Indistinguishable

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8
Q

Complications of a disseminated gonococcal infection

A
  • Arthritis-dermatitis syndrome.
  • Meningitis/osteomyelitis/sepsis (rare).
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9
Q

Gonorrhea caused PID, what are the symptoms?

A
  • Infection of fallopian tubes
  • Tubo-ovarian abscesses
  • Ectopic pregnancy
  • Sterility.
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10
Q

What complications can gonorrhea cause in men

A
  • Orchitis (inflammation of testes)
  • Epididymitis (inflammation of epididymis which stores and carries sperm)
  • Sterility (rare)
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11
Q

What is Ophthalmia neonatorum?

A

Eye infection passed from mother who has gonorrhoea or chlamydia during birth.

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12
Q

How does N. gonorrhoeae adhere?

A

Type IV pili for initial adherence and Opa protein for tight adherence

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13
Q

How is N. gonorrhoeae uptaken into the cell?

A

Transcytosis/ receptor-mediated uptake

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14
Q

N. gonorrhoeae leads to a large induction of what into the cell?

A

PMNLs (polymorphonuclear lymphocytes), peptidoglycan fragments, lipooligosaccarides, outer-membrane vesicles

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15
Q

Main virulence factors of N. gonorrhoeae?

A

Adherence, toxin secretion and sequestration of iron

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16
Q

N. gonorrhoeae can resist activity of what host factors?

A

PMNLs, can resist activity of complement pathway and produces an IgA protease.

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17
Q

What are the specimin types of N. gonorrhoea?

A

Swab and urine (low sens in women)

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18
Q

What are the test types for N. gonorrhoea ?

A

Microscopy and culture, NAAT

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19
Q

What is NAAT

A

Nucleic acid amplification technology

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20
Q

What agar with what is used to select for N. gonorrhoea

A

GC agar with VCAT/VPAT

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21
Q

What does VCAT/VPAT contain

A

Vancomycin
Colisitin/polymixin
Amphotericin B
Trimethoprim

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22
Q

Can NAAT take urine samples?

A

Yes

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23
Q

How sensitive is NAAT to a female urine sample

A

Less than for a male

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24
Q

How is gonorrhoea treated? Give also alternative

A

High dose of ceftriaxone,
Alt: Cefixime or azithromycin

25
Q

Overtime can N. gonorrhoea become resistant

A

To nearly everything

26
Q

What usually causes non-specific urethritis/cervicitis/proctitis?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

27
Q

What can Chlamydia trachomatis cause other than an STI

A

Eye infection called a trachoma

28
Q

Is Chlamydia trachomatis intracellular?

29
Q

What bacteria causes the most common STI?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

30
Q

Incubation time of Chlamydia trachomatis

31
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis can cause co-infection with what?

A

N. gonorhhoeae

32
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis uses what type of secretion system to inject proteins into host cell

A

Type 3 secretion system

33
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis: T3SS injects what into the cell

A

Invasion effectors: internalisation and anti-apoptopic factors

34
Q

What type of body of Chlamydia trachomatis binds cell surface

A

Elememtary body

35
Q

Before replication there is a transition to what type of body of Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Reticulate body

36
Q

How is chlamydia treated

A

Doxycycline, azithromycin. Doxycycline is associated with greater clinical cure rates but there are fewer compliance problems with azithromycin.

37
Q

What is the prevelance of resistance in chlamydia?

38
Q

Apart from chalmydia what else can cause non-gonococcal urethritis>

A

Mycoplasma genitalium

39
Q

How is Mycoplasma genitalium treated

A

Moxifloxacin

40
Q

What bacteria can cause genital ulcerations?

A

Syphilis, C. trachomatis, Haemophilus ducreyi, Klebsiella inguinale

41
Q

What bacterium causes syphilis

A

T. pallidum pallidum

42
Q

Symptom of primary syphilis

43
Q

Symptoms of secondary syphilis

A

Generalised malaise/rash
Condylomata lata (warts)

44
Q

Symotoms of tertairy syphilis

A

Gumma
Cardio/meningovascular lesions
General paresis of the insane

45
Q

How is syphilis diagnosed?

A

Serology methods

46
Q

How long to treponemal antibodies last

47
Q

How long do non-terponemal antibodies last

A

Decline after treatment

48
Q

NTT (non-typhi treponemal) tests

49
Q

TT (typhi treponemal) tests

A

EIA or CIA

50
Q

Do TT or NTT tests have higher sensitivity?

51
Q

How is syphilis treated

A

Bezathine/procaine penicillin (IM injection)

52
Q

Topical genital ulcerations are most commonly presenting in what patients

A

From LIC and those with AIDS

53
Q

What is Lymphogranuloma venereum caused by

A

Caused by L1, L2, L3 of C. trachomatis

54
Q

Lymphogranuloma venereum is an infection of what

A

Lymph nodes

55
Q

Chancroid is caused by what bacterium

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

56
Q

Granuloma inguilane (donovanosis) is caused by what bacterium

A

Klebsiella inguinale

57
Q

Bacterial vaginosis is caused by the decrease of what bacteria and increase in what organisms

A

Reduction in vaginal dominant lactobacilli and increase in other organisms like Gardnerella vaginalis and Bacteroides spp.

58
Q

Diagnosis of BV

A

Clue cells (g-ve cells adhering to epithelial cells) and whiff test

Medical Bacteriology (10 decks)

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