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STIS Flashcards

1
Q

What is an STI?

A

An STI, or sexually transmitted infection, is an infection that spreads from one person to another through intimate sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, or oral sex

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2
Q

Why are STIs considered dangerous?

A

STIs are dangerous because they can spread easily from person to person, and most people don’t show obvious signs or symptoms. This makes it difficult to know who might be infected, increasing the risk of unknowingly transmitting or contracting an infection.

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3
Q

What percentage of sexually active teens has an STI?

A

About 1 in 4 sexually active teens has an STI, meaning that STIs are quite common among young people who are sexually active.

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4
Q

What is the best way to protect yourself from STIs?

A

The most effective way to avoid STIs is through abstinence—choosing not to engage in any oral, vaginal, or anal sex. This eliminates the risk of exposure to infections spread through sexual contact.

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5
Q

Can you get an STI without intercourse? If so, how?

A

Yes, it is possible to contract certain STIs, such as genital warts or herpes, without intercourse. Some STIs spread through skin-to-skin contact, so they can be transmitted even if intercourse doesn’t occur.

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6
Q

List three common STIs.

A

Three common STIs are:

Chlamydia: A bacterial infection that can cause serious reproductive issues if untreated.
Gonorrhea: A bacterial infection that affects the genital tract, mouth, or rectum.
Genital Herpes (HSV-2): A viral infection that causes painful sores and is incurable

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7
Q

What is the most reliable way to know if you have an STI?

A

The only sure way to know if you have an STI is to get tested by a healthcare provider. Many people with STIs don’t have symptoms, so testing is essential for detection and treatment.

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8
Q

Why might someone with an STI not realize they are infected?

A

Most people with STIs don’t experience symptoms, or their symptoms may be very mild and easy to overlook. Symptoms can also come and go, making it possible for an infection to go unnoticed for weeks, months, or even years.

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9
Q

What are some symptoms of STIs in women?

A

Women with STIs may experience:

Sores, bumps, or blisters near the genitals, anus, or mouth
Burning or pain during urination
Itching, unusual odor, or unusual discharge from the vagina or anus
Pain in the lower abdomen
Unexplained bleeding between menstrual periods

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10
Q

What are some symptoms of STIs in men?

A

Men with STIs may experience:

Sores, bumps, or blisters near the genitals, anus, or mouth
Burning or pain when urinating
Discharge from the penis
Itching or pain in the anus, sometimes with discharge

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11
Q

What is Chlamydia?

A

Chlamydia is a common bacterial STI caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. It often does not show symptoms, which makes it easily spread unknowingly.

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of Chlamydia?

A

Symptoms of Chlamydia, when present, may include genital pain and unusual discharge from the genital area.

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13
Q

How is Chlamydia treated?

A

Chlamydia is a common bacterial STI caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. It often does not show symptoms, which makes it easily spread unknowingly.

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of Chlamydia?

A

Symptoms of Chlamydia, when present, may include genital pain and unusual discharge from the genital area.

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15
Q

How is Chlamydia treated?**

A

Chlamydia is curable with antibiotics, such as azithromycin or doxycycline. It’s essential to inform recent sexual partners so they can also be treated to avoid reinfection.

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16
Q

What are the complications of untreated Chlamydia?

A

Untreated Chlamydia can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women, which can result in chronic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. In men, it can infect the epididymis, causing pain and potentially infertility.

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17
Q

What is Gonorrhea?**

A

Gonorrhea is a bacterial STI caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It can infect the genital tract, rectum, and throat.

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18
Q

What are the symptoms of Gonorrhea?**

A

Symptoms of Gonorrhea may include a burning sensation during urination, discharge from the penis or vagina, and bleeding between periods in women.

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19
Q

How is Gonorrhea treated?**

A

Gonorrhea is treatable with antibiotics, typically a dual therapy of ceftriaxone and azithromycin to address antibiotic resistance. Partners should also be tested and treated.

20
Q

What are the complications of untreated Gonorrhea?**

A

Untreated Gonorrhea can cause PID in women, increasing the risk of infertility and ectopic pregnancy. In men, it can cause epididymitis and, if spread to the bloodstream, may lead to disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI), a serious condition involving joint pain, fever, and skin lesions.

21
Q
  1. What is Genital Herpes (HSV-2)?
A

Genital herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), spread through skin-to-skin contact.

22
Q

What are the symptoms of HSV-2?

A

HSV-2 causes painful sores or blisters in the genital area. It remains in the body for life and can cause recurring outbreaks.

23
Q

How is HSV-2 treated?

A

There is no cure for herpes, but antiviral medications like acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir can reduce outbreak frequency and severity, helping to control the virus and reduce the risk of transmission.

24
Q

What are the complications of HSV-2?**

A

HSV-2 can cause psychological distress due to recurrent outbreaks. In pregnant women, HSV-2 can be transmitted to the baby during childbirth, leading to neonatal herpes, a serious health risk for the infant.

25
Q

What is Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?

A

HPV is a viral infection that can cause genital warts and is spread through skin-to-skin contact.

26
Q

What causes genital warts and how are they treated?**

A

Genital warts are caused by certain low-risk HPV types. Warts can be treated with topical medications like imiquimod or podophyllin, or through procedures like cryotherapy or surgical removal.

27
Q

What are the complications of untreated HPV?**

A

Certain high-risk HPV strains can cause cancers, such as cervical, anal, and throat cancers. Regular Pap smears and HPV vaccination help detect and prevent HPV-related cancers.

28
Q

What is Hepatitis B?**

A

Hepatitis B is a viral infection affecting the liver, transmitted through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and other body fluids.

29
Q

How can Hepatitis B be prevented?**

A

There is no cure for Hepatitis B, but it can be prevented through vaccination, safe sex practices, and avoiding exposure to infected blood.

30
Q

What are the complications of Hepatitis B?

A

Chronic Hepatitis B can lead to liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer, which can be fatal if untreated. Antiviral medication can help manage chronic Hepatitis B and slow liver damage.

31
Q

What is HIV/AIDS?**

A

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) weakens the immune system, leading to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) if untreated.

32
Q

How is HIV transmitted?**

A

HIV is transmitted through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.

33
Q

How is HIV treated?**

A

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the primary treatment, involving a combination of medications to prevent HIV from replicating and helping individuals maintain a low viral load.

34
Q

What are the complications of untreated HIV/AIDS?**

A

Untreated HIV can progress to AIDS, which weakens the immune system and makes the body vulnerable to infections and cancers. AIDS can be fatal if not managed with ART.

35
Q

What are Pubic Lice (Crabs)?**

A

Pubic lice, or “crabs,” are tiny insects that infest pubic hair and spread through close contact.

36
Q

How is Pubic Lice treated?**

A

Treatment involves over-the-counter or prescription lotions and shampoos. Bedding, clothing, and towels should be washed in hot water to kill lice and prevent reinfestation.

37
Q

What are the complications of untreated Pubic Lice?**

A

While pubic lice don’t carry diseases, severe itching can lead to skin infections if scratching breaks the skin.

38
Q

What is Syphilis?**

A

Syphilis is a bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum and progresses through multiple stages.

39
Q

What are the symptoms of Syphilis?**

A

Syphilis starts as a painless sore and, if untreated, develops into more severe symptoms over time.

40
Q

How is Syphilis treated?

A

Syphilis is curable with antibiotics, typically penicillin, which is most effective when administered early.

41
Q

What are the complications of untreated Syphilis?**

A

Untreated syphilis can lead to tertiary syphilis, causing brain, nerve, and organ damage. In pregnant women, it can cause congenital syphilis, which may lead to stillbirth or severe newborn health issues

42
Q

What is Trichomoniasis?

A

Trichomoniasis, or “trich,” is a parasitic infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, often transmitted through sexual contact.

43
Q

What are the symptoms of Trichomoniasis?**

A

Symptoms include itching, burning, redness, and unusual discharge, though it can be asymptomatic in some cases.

44
Q

How is Trichomoniasis treated?**

A

Trichomoniasis is treatable with antibiotics, such as metronidazole. Partners should be treated simultaneously to avoid reinfection.

45
Q
A
46
Q

What are the complications of untreated Trichomoniasis?**

A

Untreated trichomoniasis can increase the risk of contracting other STIs, including HIV. In pregnant women, it may lead to preterm delivery or low birth weight.

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