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Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what is a drug

A

A drug is any substance that, when taken or administered into the body has a physiological effect.

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2
Q

what are the three types of drugs

A

depressant, stimulant, hallucinogen

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3
Q

depressant

A

means it slows down the messages travelling between your brain and body. They can affect concentration and coordination. They slow down the person’s ability to respond to unexpected situations.

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4
Q

Stimulant

A

speed up the messages between the brain and the body. Large doses of stimulants can cause over-stimulation, causing anxiety, panic, seizures, headaches, stomach cramps, aggression and paranoia.

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5
Q

Hallucinogen

A

distort a person’s perception of reality. People who have taken them may imagine they see or hear things, or what they see may be distorted.

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6
Q

unidentified additives

A

Unidentified additives in drugs, known as adulterants, can pose significant health risks due to their unpredictable effects. These adulterants are often used to mimic effects, increase profits, or prolong supplies, but their presence introduces dangerous and often fatal consequences for users

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7
Q

examples of unidentfied additives

A

levamisole, baking soda, corn starch, rat poison, boric acid

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8
Q

Why are some drugs not subject to quality control?

A

When drugs are described as “not subject to quality controls,” it means they are not manufactured, regulated, or tested according to the standards set for safety, purity, and potency, as is required for legal medications.

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9
Q

what are the penalties for

A

Federal and state laws have penalties for possessing, using, producing, selling, or driving under the influence of illegal drugs.

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10
Q

what are the penalties

A
  • Penalties range from fines and rehabilitation orders to disqualification from driving and imprisonment.
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11
Q

legal drugs

A

Some drugs, such as alcohol, caffeine, nicotine and various prescribed and over-the-counter medications, are legal but may be subject to restrictions based on age, location of use, driving and point of sale regulations.

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12
Q

illegal drugs

A
  • Other drugs such as cannabis, amphetamines, ecstasy, cocaine and heroin, are illegal. They are not subject to quality controls and the amount of active ingredient is not consistent. A person using illegal drugs can never be sure of how strong the drug is, or what is actually in it.
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13
Q

potential of harm due to drugs

A
  • All drugs have the potential to cause harm. As use increases, so does the potential for harm.
  • There is no safe level of drug use. Use of any drug always carries some risk
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14
Q

why do drugs affect people differently

A
  • Size
  • Weight
  • Health
  • Whether the person has taken the drug previously
  • Whether other drugs are in their system
  • Depend on the amount taken. It can be hard to judge how much of an illegal drug has been taken, as they are uncontrolled, so quality and strength will vary from one batch to another.
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15
Q

other names for heroin

A

Smack, gear, hammer,
the dragon, H, dope, junk, harry

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16
Q

what type of drug is heroin

A

depressant

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17
Q

what group does heroin belong too

A

Belongs to a group of drugs known as opiates that are from the opium poppy

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18
Q

what does heroin look like

A

Fine white powder, Coarse off-white granules or Tiny pieces of light brown ‘rock’

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19
Q

how is heroin used

A

Heroin is usually injected into a vein, but it’s also smoked (‘chasing the dragon’)

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20
Q

immediate effects of heroin

A
  • Intense pleasure and pain relief
  • Relaxation, drowsiness and clumsiness
  • Confusion
  • Slurred and slow speech
  • Slow breathing and heartbeat
  • Dry mouth
  • Tiny pupils
  • Reduced appetite
    and vomiting
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21
Q

long term effects of heroin

A
  • Intense sadness
  • Constipation
  • Damaged heart, lungs, liver
    and brain
  • Vein damage and skin, heart
    and lung infections from injecting
  • Needing to use more to get the same effect
  • Dependence on heroin
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22
Q

other names for cannabis

A

Marijuana, yarndi, pot, weed, hash, dope, gunja, joint

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23
Q

what type of drug is cannabis

A

Depressant, may also produce hallucinogenic effects.
The main active chemical in cannabis is THC.

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24
Q

what does cannabis look like

A

green/brown dried leaves and flowers (buds), plant resin or oil

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25
Q

how is cannabis used

A

Cannabis is usually smoked or eaten.

26
Q

immediate effects of cannabis

A

The effects of cannabis may be felt immediately if smoked, or within an hour or two if eaten and effects may include:
* Feeling relaxed and sleepy
* Spontaneous laughter and excitement
* Increased appetite
* Dry mouth
* Quiet and reflective mood

27
Q

long term effects of cannabis

A

Regular use of cannabis may eventually cause:
* Memory loss
* Learning difficulties
* Mood swings
* Difficulty having children
* Needing to use more to get the same effect
* Dependence on cannabis
* Financial, work and social problems
* Anxiety, depression and psychotic symptoms

28
Q

what are other names for cocaine

A

C, coke, nose candy, snow, white lady, toot, Charlie, blow

29
Q

what type of drug is cocaine

A

Stimulant

30
Q

where does cocaine come from

A

Cocaine comes from the leaves of the coca bush

31
Q

what does coaine look like

A

Fine white powder
Crack cocaine- crystals ranging in colour from white or cream to transparent with a pink or yellow hue

32
Q

how is cocaine used

A

Cocaine is most
commonly snorted. It can also be
injected, rubbed into the gums,
added to drinks or food.

33
Q

immediate effects of cocaine

A
  • Happiness and confidence
  • Talking more
  • Feeling energetic and alert
  • Feeling physically strong and
    mentally sharp
  • Reduced appetite
  • Dry mouth
  • Enlarged (dilated) pupils
  • Higher blood pressure and faster heartbeat and breathing Higher body temperature
  • Unpredictable, violent or aggressive behaviour
  • Indifference to pain
34
Q

long term effects of cocaine

A

Regular use of cocaine may eventually cause:
* Insomnia and exhaustion
* Depression
* Anxiety, paranoia and psychosis
* Eating disorders and weight loss
* Sexual dysfunction
* Hypertension and irregular
heartbeat
* Sensitivity to light and sound
* Hallucinations
* Heart disease and death

35
Q

other names for ice

A

Crystal meth, shabu,
crystal, glass, shard, P

36
Q

what type of drug is ice

A

stimulant

37
Q

how is it different from speed

A
  • It’s stronger, more addictive and therefore has more harmful side effects than the powder form of methamphetamine known as speed
38
Q

what does ice look like

A

Ice usually comes as small chunky clear crystals that look like ice.

39
Q

how is ice used

A

Ice is generally smoked or injected, however can be swallowed or snorted.

40
Q

immediate effects of ice

A
  • Feelings of pleasure and confidence
  • Increased alertness and energy
  • Repeating simple things like itching and scratching
  • Enlarged pupils and dry mouth
  • Teeth grinding and
    excessive sweating
  • Fast heart rate and
    breathing
  • Reduced appetite
  • Increased sex drive
41
Q

long term effects of ice

A

With regular use, ice may eventually cause:
* Extreme weight loss due to reduced appetite
* Restless sleep
* Dry mouth and dental problems
* Trouble concentrating
* Breathlessness
* Muscle stiffness
* Anxiety, paranoia and violence
* Depression
* Heart and kidney problems
* Increased risk of stroke
* Needing to use more to get the same effect
* Dependence on ice
* Financial, work or social problems

42
Q

other names for speed

A

amphetamine, fast,
up, uppers, louee, goey, whiz

43
Q

what type of drug is speed

A

stimulant

44
Q

what does speed look like

A

white powder, tablets, crystals or capsules

45
Q

how is speed used

A

generally swallowed, injected or smoked. Can also be snorted

46
Q

immediate effects of speed

A
  • Happiness and confidence
  • Talking more and feeling energetic
  • Repeating simple things like itching and scratching
  • Large pupils and dry mouth
  • Fast heart beat and breathing
  • Teeth grinding
  • Reduced appetite
  • Excessive sweating
  • Increased sex drive
47
Q

long term effects

A

Regular use of amphetamines may eventually cause:
* Reduced appetite and extreme weight loss
* Restless sleep
* Dry mouth and dental problems
* Trouble concentrating
* Difficulty breathing
* Muscle stiffness
* Anxiety and paranoia
* Depression
* Heart and kidney problems
* Increased risk of stroke
* Needing to use more to get the same effect
* Dependence on amphetamines
* Financial, work and social problems

48
Q

other names for ecstasy

A

Other names- Eckies, E, XTC, pills, pingers, bikkies, flippers, molly, MD

49
Q

what type of drug is ecstasy

A

Ecstasy/MDMA is a stimulant drug

50
Q

what does ecstasy look like

A

Ecstasy/MDMA comes in a tablet form and is usually swallowed. The pills come in different colours and sizes, It can also come as capsules, powder or crystal.

51
Q

how is ecstasy used

A

swallowed or snorted

52
Q

immediate effects of ecstasy

A
  • Feeling happy, energetic and confident
  • Large pupils
  • Jaw clenching and teeth grinding
  • Heightened senses (sight, hearing and touch)
  • Excessive sweating and skin tingles
  • Muscle aches and pains
  • Nausea and reduced appetite
  • Fast heartbeat
  • Dehydration
  • Heat stroke
  • Drinking extreme amounts
    of water (can cause death
53
Q

long term effects of ecstasy

A

With regular use, ecstasy/MDMA may eventually cause:
* Depression
* Needing to use more to get the same effect
* Dependence on
ecstasy
* Financial, work and
social problems

54
Q

other names for lsd

A

Acid, trips, tabs, microdots, dots, Lucy

55
Q

what type of drug is lsd

A

hallucinogens (also known as ‘psychedelics’)

56
Q

what is lsd made form

A

LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide) is a synthetic chemical, made from a substance found in ergot, which is a fungus that infects rye (grain)

57
Q

what does lsd look like

A

The most common form of LSD, is drops of LSD solution dried onto gelatin sheets, pieces of blotting paper or sugar cubes

58
Q

how is lsd used

A

swallowed

59
Q

immediate effects of lsd

A
  • Euphoria and wellbeing
  • Dilation of pupils
  • Seeing and hearing things that aren’t there (hallucinations)
  • Confusion and trouble concentrating
  • Headaches
  • Nausea
  • Fast or irregular heart beat
  • Increased body temperature
  • Breathing quickly
  • Vomiting
  • Facial flushes, sweating and chills
  • Sometimes users experience a ‘bad trip’, involving a disturbing hallucination. This can lead to panic and risky behaviour
60
Q

long term effects of lsd

A
  • People who regularly use LSD may eventually experience flashbacks. Flashbacks are hallucinations that occur weeks, months or even years after the drug was last taken. This can be disturbing, especially when the hallucination is frightening.
  • Flashbacks can be brought on by using other drugs, stress, tiredness or exercise and usually last for a minute or two.
  • In addition to flashbacks, regular use of LSD may eventually cause:
  • Psychological dependence on
    hallucinogens
  • Financial, work and social problems

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