Stimulants (E2) Flashcards
Do stimulants speed up or slow down the central nervous system (CNS)?
Speed up
Name 2 mild stimulants you would encounter in day-to-day life.
Caffeine & nicotine
Amphetamines are derived from this drug.
What is ephedrine?
Does ephedrine stimulate the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system?
Sympathetic
What 2 neurotransmitters does ephedrine increase production of?
1) Dopamine
2) Norepinephrine
Amphetamines were initially introduced to the market as a drug called…
Benzadrine
What are the 4 absorption/administration routes for amphetamines?
1) Oral
2) Intranasal
3) Intravenous
4) Smoking
This effect of amphetamines is interesting because it can either be acute or chronic, but it is primarily chronic.
What is weight loss?
A way more potent form of amphetamine 1st synthesized in 1893 and crystallized in 1919 by Japanese scientists.
What is methamphetamine?
Nazi and Imperial Japanese soldiers heavily used methamphetamine in this war.
What is WWII?
With there being such a boom in meth usage following WWII, where was this meth being produced?
Clandestine (home) labs
What are the 4 types of media/forms of methamphetamine?
1) Crystal
2) Powder
3) Liquid
4) Base
What is the major chronic effect of methamphetamine that affects the mouth?
“Meth Mouth”
List 4 common ingredients found in meth.
1) Red phosphorus
2) Lithium
3) Ammonia
4) Sudafed
Cocaine is derived from this South American plant.
What is the coca plant?
What did the Incas and other South American cultures do to experience the effects of the coca plant?
They would chew coca leaves
What was German chemist Albert Niemann’s big accomplishment with coca leaves in 1859?
He chemically isolated cocaine from the leaves
What are the 3 forms/media of cocaine?
1) Cocaine HCl
2) Freebase
3) Crack
This form/media of cocaine is the salt form and is 99% pure.
What is cocaine HCl?
This form/media of cocaine removes the HCl from the salt form, which allows it to be smokable.
What is freebase?
List the 3 routes of administration/absorption for cocaine.
1) Inhalation (snorting or smoking)
2) Intravenous
3) Orally
List 3 acute effects of stimulants.
1) Increased alertness
2) Decreased appetite
3) Euphoria
List 3 chronic effects of stimulants.
1) Tolerance
2) Dependence
3) Addiction
