Opioids (E2) Flashcards
Any substance that induces sleep, dulls senses, and relieves pain.
What are narcotics?
Narcotics that act on the brain’s opioid receptors.
What are opioids?
Opium, a natural opioid, is derived from…
Poppy plants
Semi-synthetic opioids are derived from…
Naturally occurring opioids that are then chemically altered
Synthetic opioids are derived from…
Base chemical compounds
The scientific name for the opium poppy plant is Papaver somniferum. What does this name roughly translate to?
“The poppy that brings sleep”
What were the 2 routes of administration for early opium usage?
Drinking & smoking
Why did the Opium Wars start?
Britain was smuggling opium into China
Opium use in the United States { } after the Opium Wars.
Increased
How did increased opium use in the U.S. contribute to the Chinese Exclusion Act? There are 3 components with some info incorporated from Exam 1.
1) Chinese railroad workers were using opium to deal with the physical toll of working the railroads
2) This led to opium dens becoming popular
3) Finally, moral panic in the U.S.
This piece of legislation was implemented to tax opium.
What is the Harrison Narcotics Act?
This piece of legislation was implemented to cut off opium poppy sources by controlling production and distribution.
What is the Opium Poppy Control Act?
This German company, which also developed Aspirin, developed this drug in 1898.
Who is Bayer?
This drug is a derivative of diacetylmorphine, or morphine for short.
What is heroin?
Which 2 groups (demographics) primarily used heroin?
1) Hippies
2) Vietnam soldiers in war
What is the difference between opioids and opiates?
Opioids - natural derivatives w/ synthetic compounds that mimic the effects of opium poppy plants
Opiates - naturally derived from opium poppy plants
The suffix “-oid” means like or similar, so you could conclude that opioids are…
Similar to opiates but not exactly the same i.e., they are opiate-like
According to the Controlled Substances Act, all opioids are considered controlled substances. Which schedules contain opiates with accepted medical uses?
Schedules II through V
What are the 2 illicit opioids in Schedule I?
1) Heroin
2) Buturyl fentanyl
What is the difference between legal and illegal opioid usage?
Legal usage has medicinal uses and is prescribed, while illicitly manufactured opioids are not
What are the 4 routes of administration for opioids?
1) Oral
2) Intranasal
3) Injection
4) Transdermal
This administration route involves ingesting pills, liquids, and capsules; the effects take much longer to hit.
What is oral?
This administration route involves snorting, which quickly brings about the intended effect.
What is intranasal?
This administration route involves using needles to directly inject the drug into the bloodstream or under the skin and muscles.
What is injection?
This administration route involves using a patch that allows the drug to be absorbed through the skin.
What is transdermal?
List 3 acute effects of opioids.
1) Euphoria
2) Relaxation
3) Pain relief
List 3 chronic effects of opioids.
1) Tolerance
2) Physical dependence
3) Abuse
In 1995, Purdue Pharma developed this drug, a time-release form of oxycodone.
What is oxycontin?
Who was the intended audience for oxycontin?
The everyday person
What is the street name for oxycontin mentioned in lecture?
Hillbilly Heroin
What is the general flowchart for opioid abuse?
Opioid prescription –> heroin –> fentanyl
Why has fentanyl become so popular?
It’s much stronger than any prescription opioid and even heroin
