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Sports Nutrition and Metabolism Yr 2 > Stimulant Supplements > Flashcards

Stimulant Supplements Flashcards

1
Q

Give 2 effects of stimulants

A
  • Change in mental function and behaviour (increase alertness)
  • Production of excitement/euphoria
  • Reduce sensation of fatigue
  • Increase motor activity
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2
Q

State 2 legal stimulants

A 
Caffeine
Guarana
Yerba Mate
Ma Huang/Ephedra
Ginseng
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3
Q

State 2 illegal stimulants

A

Cocaine
Ephedrine
Amphetamines

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4
Q

What is the half life of caffeine

A

5 hours

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5
Q

What is the maximum dose of caffeine

A

6mg/kg/BW

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6
Q

What does caffeine antagonise

A

cerebral adenosine receptors

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7
Q

Where is caffeine detoxified for excretion

A

The liver

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8
Q

Give 2 factors which could affect caffeine impact

A

Hepatic dysfunction
Habituation
Dose

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9
Q

True or False: Caffeine increases lipolysis

A

True

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10
Q

How does caffeine increase the force of muscular contraction

A

By causing a release of Ca2+ from the SR, which binds to troponin, allowing cross-bridge formation

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11
Q

What are the central effects of caffeine

A

Increases norepinephrine/epinephrine

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12
Q

When caffeine increases norepinephrine/epinephrine, what does this increase?

A

Fat oxidation- CHO sparing

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13
Q

How does caffeine increase altertness

A

The adenosine receptors it targets cause sonambulance/decreased alertness, so by blocking these alertness is increased.

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14
Q

Give 3 examples of food/drink which contain caffeine

A

Coffee
Tea
Cola/Energy drinks
Chocolate

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15
Q

What is the precursor of caffeine that dark chocolate contains?

A

Theobromine

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16
Q

Which extracellular ion does Caffeine lower? and how?

A

Potassium - Na/K pump

17
Q

How does caffeine affect blood pressure

A

Blood pressure also increased with caffeine due to the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.

18
Q

How does caffeine effect RER

A

No effect

19
Q

How does caffeine effect fat oxidation

A

despite the elevated lipolysis, no fat oxidation occurred above normal levels (but may be some effects at lower intensities

20
Q

How does caffeine extend time to exhaustion

A

prolonging the maximal lactate steady state concentration until fatigue. It also reduced rate of perceived exertion

21
Q

Jeukendrup 2008 showed combined caffeine and glucose supplementation decreased fat oxidation, and increased CHO utilisation (from liver or exogenous). How was lipolysis effected

A

no effects of lipolysis due to the CHO introduction

22
Q

Jeukendrup 2008 showed combined caffeine and glucose supplementation decreased fat oxidation, and increased CHO utilisation (from liver or exogenous). How was performance effected

A

There was an improved performance, by a quicker time trial with caffeine consumption.

23
Q

True or false: Caffeine is a diuretic

A

False

24
Q

How does caffeine improve concentration

A
  • Keeping you awake
  • Giving you a clear mind
  • Increasing energy
  • Increasing alertness
25
Q

True or false: caffeine is effective for both single and multiple sprints

A

False- no effect on single sprints

26
Q

State the fastest method of caffeine delivery

A

Caffeine gum

27
Q

Give 2 positive effects of caffeine gum

A

Faster method of delivery and no GI side effects/co-ingestion required. Improved performance.

28
Q

Give 3 side effects of caffeine

A 
•	Poor sleep quality (if taken later in the day due to half life)
o	Harder to get to sleep
o	Decreased drowsiness
o	Poorer actual quality
•	Anxiety
•	Tachycardia
•	Blurred Vision
29
Q

Describe

Peripheral Nerve and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

A

extensor

Different areas of the cortex effect different portions of the body.

30
Q

What does an EMG test show

A

the membrane potential of motor units

31
Q

What does MEP amplitude show

A

the excitability of the muscle.

32
Q

What does a twitch in torque show

A

reduced voluntary action. Whereas no twitch = 100% voluntary action.

33
Q

What can MEPs show during MVC

A

determine central fatigue.

34
Q

Bowtell 2018 showed caffeine affected muscle pH- how?

A

Muscle pH was lower with caffeine

35
Q

Bowtell 2018 showed there was increased voluntary activation both pre and post exercise- what does this show

A

caffeine reduces central fatigue

36
Q

How did a berocca drink affect RPE

A

decreased RPE significantly during exercise

Sports Nutrition and Metabolism Yr 2 (13 decks)

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