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Sports Nutrition and Metabolism Yr 2 > Fat Intake and Supplementation > Flashcards

Fat Intake and Supplementation Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

What is the process called where 3 fatty acids react with a glycerol molecules to produce a triglyceride

A

Esterification

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2
Q

What does esterification form?

A

triglyceride

water

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3
Q

Are short chain FFAs more liquid or solid

A

Liquid

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4
Q

Are long chain FFAs more liquid or solid

A

Solid

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5
Q

Saturated FAs have what type of carbon bonds

A

Single carbon bonds

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6
Q

Unsaturated FAs have what type of carbon bonds

A

Double carbon bonds

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7
Q

Which type of FA stimulates liver to form cholesterol

A

Saturated

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8
Q

Which type of FA can be mono or poly

A

Unsaturated

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9
Q

What does Trans FAs occur as a result of

A

Processing- e.g. heat and light

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10
Q

Define essential FA

A

must be obtained from the diet

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11
Q

Give an example of an essential FA

A

Omega 3,6 or 9

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12
Q

Define non-essential FA

A

can be synthesised endogenously

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13
Q

Give an example of a non-essential FA

A

Any fat that isn’t an omega one.. i.e. palmitate

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14
Q

By what process does fat travel through the phospholipid bilayer?

A

Facilitated diffusion

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15
Q

If there is higher levels of n-3 PUFA, how does this effect the production of intracellular mediators

A

Less inflammatory mediators

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16
Q

Define adipose tissue

A

A store of fat for energy in the fasted state

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17
Q

What type of cytokines are produced by adipose tissue

A

Pro-inflammatory cytokines

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18
Q

Give 3 examples of hormones secreted by adipose tissue

A 
Leptin
Adiponectin
ADMA
Angiotensin 1/II
Oestrogen
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19
Q

How are lipoproteins transported in the blood

A

in chylomicrons

20
Q

Describe the transport of fat

A

Lipid in GI tract –> chylomicron –> lipoprotein lipase –> HDL (extrahepatic) or LDL (liver) –> cholesterol

21
Q

Describe simply glycolysis (with fat) steps

A

Glucose –> pyruvate (–> lactate) –> PDC –> acetyl-CoA –> acetyl carnitine –> B-oxidation

22
Q

Describe simply long-chain fat oxidation steps

A

LCFA –> Acyl CoA –> CPT1 + CACT + CPT2 –> acyl-CoA –> B-oxidation

23
Q

What are the most immediately available form of lipid

A

Intramuscular triglycerides

24
Q

What is the athlete’s paradox (fats)

A

large lipid droplets, close to the mitochondria are beneficial to performance.
There is a U Shape where both an athlete and T2D have high IMCL, but athletes have a high oxidative capacity and insulin sensitivity

25
Q

What is the approximate maximum oxidation % for fats to be effective at

A

65-70%

26
Q

what is the process called where TG’s are changed to FAs, and what hormone is used

A

lipolysis + Hormone sensitive lipase

27
Q

Give a hormone which increase the activity of HSL

A

Adrenaline/Noradrenaline

28
Q

Give a hormone which decreases the activity of HSL

A

Insulin

29
Q

Do type 1 or 2 fibres have a higher density of fatty acid transporters

A

Type 1

30
Q

Why do type 1 fibres have a higher density of fatty acid transporters

A

Type 1 fibres are the predominant site of fat oxidation. They can oxidise the FA, transport it to tissues, and to the cells

31
Q

Give an example of a key fat transporter

A

CD36 or CPT1

32
Q 
Where is the greatest site of FA oxidation limitation
A) Extracellular
B) Intracellular
C) Mitochondria
D) Serum
A

B) Intracellular

33
Q

Give 2 factors which regulate fat oxidation

A
  • Fat availability
  • Transport into cell
  • Oxidative capacity
34
Q

Why would a trained athlete use fat preferentially

A

Spare endogenous glycogen stores

35
Q

What is the drug co-infused with fat to aid digestion and absorption

A

Heparin

36
Q

Which hormone does heparin target

A

Lipoprotein Lipase release

37
Q

Costill et al., found that pre-exercise fat feeding increased fat oxidation, and decreased CHO (with heparin). What happened when this was repeated without heparin?

A

Fat oxidation wasn’t stimulated. Ingested long chain fats were inefficiently oxidised, long/medium didn’t impact plasma FFAs- so can’t increase ffa availability.

38
Q

True or false: Medium chain triglycerides are Independent of the carnitine shuttle

A

True

39
Q

What was the difference between a 3 and 7 day high fat diet results

A

A 3 day high fat diet showed favourable changes -an adaptive response: CHO oxidation decreased, and fat oxidation increased at a moderate-high intensity.

A 7-day high fat (low CHO) diet showed this impaired glycogen and IM fat stores, which has performance implications. Further negative effects on metabolism and performance due to reduced glycogen storage

40
Q

If fat intake is too low, there is progressive depletion of what

A

IMTG stores

41
Q

Higher fat content generally leads to lower what

A

muscle glycogen storeage

42
Q

High fat and high CHO diet increased levels of what

A

Ketones

43
Q

What are ketones

A

byproducts of the body breaking down fat for energy that occurs when carbohydrate intake is low

44
Q

Why are ketones bad

A

Increase RPE and can cause ketosis at elevated levels

45
Q

Why does high habitual fat intake reduce glycolysis

A

habitual enzymes are shifted from CHO to fat

Sports Nutrition and Metabolism Yr 2 (13 decks)

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