Stigma FINAL

Question 1

Smith’s Communication Stigma Model: What are the two functions of Stigma?

Answer 1

1) Evaluative 2) Expressive

Question 2

Smith (2007): Evaluative

Answer 2

Differentiate rewards and punishments

Question 3

Smith (2007): Expressive

Answer 3

Express attitudes and values

Question 4

Smith (2007): Four categories of stigma

Answer 4

1. Mark
2. Group labeling
3. Responsibility
4. Peril/danger/threat

Question 5

Four categories: Mark

Answer 5

A mark for categorization in a stigmatized group. Includes two qualities: Concealment & Disgust
Concealment: whether or not to be recognized
Disgust: unclean, contaminations by unpalatable objects or ideas.

Question 6

Four categories: Group Labeling/Separate

Answer 6

Descriptions of the stigmatized group as separate group entity

Question 7

Four categories: Responsibility

Answer 7

Responsibility for placement in the stigmatized group and resulting in group threat, including two qualities:
Choice: They choose (or not) to harm our people and community (attribution errors)
Control: How stigmatized groups control their actions to eliminate threat to others.

Question 8

Four categories: Peril/Danger/Threat

Answer 8

Cues to danger the group and its members face and reminder for unmarked members to protect themselves and to support collective efforts to eliminate the threat. Imply individual and collective actions to minimize threat imposed by danger. (Signal words, hazard statement, hazard avoidance statement, consequences statement)

Question 9

Smith (2007): Message reactions

Answer 9

Cognitive Reactions: Access relevant social attitudes and stereotypes
Emotional Reactions: disgust, anger, fear

Question 10

Smith (2007) Message Outcomes

Answer 10

Developing stigma attitudes, isolations and removal of target, share stigma messages in one’s network.

Question 11

Positive Stigma

Answer 11

Positive traits or certain privileges become the stigma people possess. “Too good to be good”
Result in social isolations or discriminations; Most likely to be related to blemished characters

Question 12

What causes positive stigma?

Answer 12

1. Jealousy?
2. Symbolic threat to others self-esteem
3. Realistic threat to future job market (hard to compete with those who have the gift)
4. Threat to being normal or regular

Question 13

Common stereotypes of gifted children

Answer 13

1. Nerdy
2. Geek
3. Lack of basic social skills
4. Lack of athletic skills
5. Not attractive or do not have a dating partner

Question 14

Blonde Stereotype

Answer 14

Being pretty and attractive vs. Being superficial and not smart

Question 15

Gender Inequality

Answer 15

Male dominant ideology may enjoy such stereotype about dumb blonde.
Secretly glorifying and popularizing such stereotype
Stigma = medal

Question 16

Leftover Women in China

Answer 16

One child policy and more investment in female education in urban China has led to more college educated women who delayed their marriages beyond late twenties… stigmatized as surplus or leftover women

Question 17

What is a microaggression?

Answer 17

Subtle, often automatic exchanges which out down people of ethnic minority groups (often automatic and unconscious)

Question 18

What are the two forms of micro aggression?

Answer 18

Microinsult & Microinvalidation

Question 19

Microinsult

Answer 19

Assigning negative attributes to a certain group as a lesser groups.
Calling someone a “Chink” or “Jap,” White parents discouraging a son or daughter from dating Asian Americans, or displaying Asian caricatures of exaggerated slanted eyes and large buck teeth are examples.”

Question 20

Microinvalidation

Answer 20

Denying others’ group and invalidating interethnic differences
- When an asian American is complimented for speaking good English