Stigma

Question 1

What is stigma regarding mental health problems?

Answer 1

Prejudice attitudes and discriminating behaviour towards people with mental health problems.

Question 2

What do people pre-judge people with mental health problems on based on stigma?

Answer 2

The illness label.

Question 3

What are the 3 core attitudes of stigma?

Answer 3

1. These people are dangerous and unpredictable (especially schizophrenia).
2. These people have chosen to be like this (especially drug use and eating disorders).
3. These people cannot communicate normally; you can’t talk to them.

Question 4

What are some discriminating actions regarding stigma around mental health problems?

Answer 4

1. Dismiss or block recruitment for employment.
2. Avoid socially and isolate.
3. Block access to services and support (drug use and blame).

Question 5

What is isolation likely to do regarding mental health problems?

Answer 5

Exacerbate the mental health problems.

Question 6

What are some outcomes of stigma?

Answer 6

Isolation.

Prevents getting or maintaining employment.

Stops help seeking.

Question 7

What are the 3 factors leading to stigma?

Answer 7

1. Historical/cultural.
2. Cognitive.
3. Misinformation spread by media.

Question 8

Explain the historical/cultural factor that leads to stigma.

Answer 8

Abnormal behaviour linked to demonic possession or ‘witches’ promotes fear and distrust.

Question 9

Explain the cognitive factor that leads to stigma.

Answer 9

‘Different’/’out group’ is always negatively based.

Question 10

Explain the misinformation spread by media factor that leads to stigma.

Answer 10

Bias in reporting of mental health problems.

Question 11

What are some examples of media bias when reporting of mental illness?

Answer 11

Misuse of diagnostic labels.

Use of the word ‘psycho’ which implies violence and has negative connotations.

Defines person by their illness.

Sensationalist reporting (role of mental illness in a violent action is over-dramatized).

Mental illness portrayals - link mental illness to violent behaviour and homicide.

Question 12

In what year was a stigma removed in the UK and people with mental health problems could carry out jury service or become a company director?

Answer 12

2013.

Question 13

In 2013, the UK changed the law so that people with mental health problems could what?

Answer 13

Carry out jury service and become a company director.

Question 14

In what country are people with mental health problems not allowed to enter a swimming pool?

Answer 14

Korea.

Question 15

Korea does not permit people with mental health problems to what?

Answer 15

Enter a swimming pool.

Question 16

What is the anti-stigma campaign in Scotland?

Answer 16

See Me.

Question 17

Discuss ‘See Me’ and what they do.

Answer 17

See Me is Scotland’s Programme to tackle mental health stigma and discrimination funded by Scottish Government and Comic Relief.

They aim to ensure the human rights of people with mental health problems and to work with people to change negative behaviour towards mental health problems.

Question 18

What are the 4 aspects of self stigma?

Answer 18

1. Internalizing the prejudice beliefs of society about your own mental illness.
2. Brings feelings of shame and guilt.
3. Embarrassment stops help seeking.
4. Poor self identity affects treatment outcomes.

Question 19

The Equality Act 2010 makes it illegal to what?

Answer 19

Discriminate directly or indirectly against people with mental health problems in public services and functions, access to premises, work, education, associations and transport.

Question 20

________ made it illegal to discriminate directly or indirectly against people with mental health problems in public services and functions, access to premises, work, education, associations and transport.

Answer 20

The Equality Act 2010.

Question 21

What are some examples of casual stigma stated by See Me in 2017?

Answer 21

Language used (nuts, mental, psycho, weirdo).

Reinforcing stereotypes such as the mental patient Halloween costume.

Question 22

Pai et al in 2017 stated that survey respondents are significantly ___________ to under-report mental illnesses compared to ____________ due to stigma.

Answer 22

Significantly more likely to under-report compared to other health conditions.

Question 23

Who stated that survey respondents are significantly more likely to under-report mental illnesses compared to other health conditions due to stigma and in what year?

Answer 23

Pai et al in 2017.

Question 24

Schulze et al found in 2003 that _________ is one of the most stigmatizing conditions.

Answer 24

Schizophrenia.

Question 25

Who found that schizophrenia is one of the most stigmatizing conditions in what year?

Answer 25

Schulze et al in 2003.

Question 26

Wrigley et al in 2005 found that _______ rather than the patients _______influenced attitudes more about help-seeking regarding their mental health.

Answer 26

Perceived stigma rather than the patients symptoms.

Question 27

Who found that perceived stigma rather than the patients symptoms influenced attitudes more about help-seeking regarding their mental health and in what year?

Answer 27

Wrigley et al in 2005.

Question 28

Chandra et al found in 2006 that teen boys are more likely to experience _____ than teen girls.

Answer 28

Higher mental health stigma.

Question 29

Who found that teen boys are more likely to experience higher mental health stigma than teen girls and in what year?

Answer 29

Chandra et al in 2006.

Question 30

Who found that in Japan, the general public keep a greater social distance from individuals with mental illness and in what year?

Answer 30

Ando et al in 2013.

Question 31

What was found to be a possible cause of less stigmatization by mental health professionals by Ando et al in 2013?

Answer 31

Accumulation of clinical experience and daily contact with people who have mental illness.

Question 32

Ando et al in 2013 found that _______ appear to be effective in reducing mental-health-related stigma.

Answer 32

Educational programs.

Question 33

“____ in _____ people will experience a mental health problem at some point in their life” was stated by the Mental Health Foundation in 2018.

Answer 33

1 in 4.

Question 34

Ando et al in 2013 found that the general public in Japan do what?

Answer 34

Keep a greater social distance from individuals with mental illness.

Question 35

Accumulation of clinical experience and daily contact with people who have mental illness possibly creating less stigmatization of mental-health-professionals was found by who and in what year?

Answer 35

Ando et al in 2013.

Question 36

Who found that educational programs appear to be effective in reducing mental-health-related stigma and in what yer?

Answer 36

Ando et al in 2013.

Question 37

Who found that 1 in 4 people will experience a mental health problem at some point in their life and in what year?

Answer 37

The Mental Health Foundation in 2018.

Question 38

What are some ways to reduce mental health problem stigma as an outsider?

Answer 38

Know the facts - educate yourself.

Be aware of your attitudes and behaviour.

Choose your words carefully.

Educate others.

Focus on the positive.

Support people.

Include everyone.

Question 39

Who found that the strongest evidence for effective interventions for mental health stigma is direct social contact with people with mental illness at an individual level and in what year?

Answer 39

Thornicroft et al in 2008.

Question 40

Thornicroft et al in 2008 found that the strongest evidence for effective interventions for mental health stigma is __________.

Answer 40

Direct social contact with people with mental illness at an individual level.