Anorexia Nervosa

Question 1

What is compulsion a feeling of?

Answer 1

A feeling of being unable to control an action.

A feeling of craving.

Question 2

What are the actions of compulsion?

Answer 2

Automatic.

Question 3

What is a compulsive action?

Answer 3

A repetitive action with the aim of reducing stress and anxiety.

Question 4

What are some symptoms of a compulsive action?

Answer 4

Ritualised behaviour.

Persistent ‘checking’.

Hair pulling

Skin picking

Object arranging.

Question 5

What percentage of people meet the criteria for clinical anorexia nervosa?

Answer 5

0.5%.

Question 6

What did the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) remove regarding anorexia nervosa?

Answer 6

Reliance on physical criteria based on amount of weight loss.

Question 7

Why did the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) remove physical criteria based on amount of weight loss regarding anorexia nervosa?

Answer 7

To broaden the scope.

Question 8

Kaye et al stated in 2004 that ____% of people diagnosed with an eating disorder also meet Obsessive Compulsive Disorder criteria.

Answer 8

41%

Question 9

Who said 41% of people diagnosed with an eating disorder also meet Obsessive Compulsive Disorder criteria and in what year?

Answer 9

Kaye et al in 2004.

Question 10

What is Obsessive Compulsive Disorder?

Answer 10

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder involves unwanted and disturbing thoughts, images, or urges (obsessions) that intrude into one’s mind and cause a great deal of anxiety or discomfort.

Attempts to reduce are by engaging in repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions).

Question 11

Anderluh et al in 2003 said ________ predict an adulthood eating disorder.

Answer 11

Childhood OCD traits.

Question 12

What is an eating disorder?

Answer 12

Any of a range of psychological disorders characterized by abnormal or disturbed eating habits.

Question 13

Who said in what year that childhood OCD traits predict an adulthood eating disorder?

Answer 13

Anderluh et al in 2003.

Question 14

Halmi et al in 2005 said that ________ as an obsessive personality trait may underlie vulnerability to an eating disorder.

Answer 14

Perfectionism.

Question 15

Who said perfectionism as an obsessive personality trait may underlie vulnerability to an eating disorder and in what year?

Answer 15

Halmi et al in 2005.

Question 16

Tozzi et al in 2003 found that the 4 most commonly reported perceived causes of anorexia nervousa from sufferers were ___________.

Answer 16

1. Dysfunctional families.
2. Weight loss and dieting.
3. Stressful experiences.
4. Perceived pressure.

Question 17

Tozzi et al in 2003 found that 3 most commonly cited factors contributing to recovery were ______________.

Answer 17

1. Non-familial relationships.
2. Therapy.
3. Maturation.

Question 18

Non-familial relationships, therapy and maturation were found to be the 3 most commonly cited factors contributing to recovery by who and in what year?

Answer 18

Tozzi et al in 2003.

Question 19

Dysfunctional families, weight loss and dieting, stressful experiences and perceived pressure were found to be the 4 most commonly reported perceived causes of anorexia nervousa from sufferers by who and in what year?

Answer 19

Tozzi et al in 2003.

Question 20

Bulik et al in 2006 found that __________ was associated with the development of anorexia nervousa.

Answer 20

Neurotocism.

Question 21

Neurotocism was found to be associated with the development of anorexia nervousa by who in what year?

Answer 21

Bulik et al in 2006.

Question 22

Wade et al in 2003 found that anorexia nervousa has a __________ of _____%.

Answer 22

Heritability rate of 58%.

Question 23

Who found that anorexia nervousa has a heritability rate of 58% and in what year?

Answer 23

Wade et al in 2003.

Question 24

Holland et al in 1988 found ______% of Monozygotic twin sets both had anorexia nervousa.

Answer 24

56%.

Question 25

Who found that 56% of Monozygotic twin sets both had anorexia nervousa and in what year?

Answer 25

Holland et al in 1988.

Question 26

Holland et al in 1988 found that ___% of female first degree relatives of someone with anorexia nervousa also had a history of anorexia nervousa.

Answer 26

5%

Question 27

Who found that 5% of female first degree relatives of someone with anorexia nervousa also had a history of anorexia nervousa and in what year?

Answer 27

Holland et al in 1988.

Question 28

Dahl et al in 1999 found that girls born below ___________ faced higher risks for anorexia nervousa.

Answer 28

32 weeks gestation.

Question 29

Who found that girls born below 32 weeks gestation faced higher risks for anorexia nervousa and in what year?

Answer 29

Dahl et al in 1999.

Question 30

What are some physical signs and symptoms of anorexia nervousa?

Answer 30

Extreme weight loss/thin appearance.

Fatigue.

Dizziness/fainting.

Hair that thins, breaks or falls out.

Soft, downy hair covering the body.

Periods stop.

Irregular heart rhythms.

Excessive exercise.

Question 31

What are some emotional and behavioural symptoms of anorexia nervosa?

Answer 31

Preoccupation with food.

Frequently skipping meals/refusal to eat.

Denial of hunger/making excuses for not eating.

Lying about how much food was eaten.

Fear of gaining weight.

Frequent checking in the mirror for flaws and measuring the body.

Covering up in layers of clothing.

Question 32

What are some possible biological causes for anorexia nervousa?

Answer 32

Genes.

Genetic tendency.

Question 33

What are some possible psychological causes for anorexia nervousa?

Answer 33

Obsessive-compulsive traits.

Perfectionism.

Needing control over something - related to sexual abuse.

Question 34

What are some possible environmental causes for anorexia nervousa?

Answer 34

Modern Western culture emphasizes thinness (waist training, etc).

Success and worth often equated with being thin.

Peer pressure - particularly among young girls.

Bullying about eating habits, body shape or weight.

Your career calls for it - ballet dancers, models.

Question 35

What is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy?

Answer 35

A form of psychotherapy that focuses on how your thoughts, beliefs and attitudes affect your feelings and behavior.

They will ask you to practice these techniques on your own, measure your progress, and show you ways to manage difficult feelings and situations so you stick with your new eating habits.

CBT is considered the treatment of choice for eating disorders and is frequently combined with other treatment options.

Question 36

What is the cognitive approach treatment for anorexia nervosa?

Answer 36

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT).

Question 37

How long are you offered Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for on the NHS?

Answer 37

Weekly sessions for 10 months.

Question 38

Zipfel in 1993 found _____% of anorexia nervosa patients still met the full diagnostic criteria 21 years after hospital admission.

Answer 38

50.6%

Question 39

Who found that 50.6% of anorexia nervosa patients still met the full diagnostic criteria 21 years after hospital admission in what year?

Answer 39

Zipfel et al in 1993.

Question 40

What is the psychotherapy treatment approach to anorexia nervosa?

Answer 40

Psychotherapy can help sufferers to explore the causes and thought processes behind their eating disorder, as well as to assist on the road to recovery.

Question 41

Who is Emma Stevenson?

Answer 41

She is a girl that became anorexic in 2009 after her Dad weighed 22 stone, frequently ate excessive food in front of her and made jokes about his weight “killing him by 50”.