Stick School Flashcards
General grounding procedures
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Workers shall insulate isolate or ground lines inclement from 50 V up to 600 wolves
Ground
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Use proper PPG procedure to safely ground affected lines and equipment
Test
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Check for zero load on the amp meter for the equipment or use a clamp on ammeter test using SDGE approved testing equipment, touch volt meter tester check all test equipment for proper operation for after testing lines and equipment
Check tested date, battery check, check hot, checked dead, check out again in the same location!
General grounding procedures
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Deenergize lines and equipment do not need to be grounded when it is impractical or more dangerous to implement a PPG procedure within a substation however, they must still be treated as hot. Use the live line hot stick work method on the deenergize lines and equipment that are not properly grounded.
General grounding procedures
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Testing ground lines equipment only after a HOLD has been issued
General grounding procedures
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Do not ground through fuses, transruptors, circuit switches, power circuit breakers. Power transformers for other similar devices
General grounding procedures
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Ensure that PPG equipment is installed as close to the worksite as possible, doing so reduces the possibility that a conductive loop could develop
A conductive lube to generate as much as three times a normal voltage
Clamp
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Clamps used for 1/0 or 4/0 Sdge Kearney substation grounding cable
-salisbury( C bronze 2.5 “) why are clamp catalog #4295 rated @ 400 amps smooth jaw
- Chance ground tower( t- handle) catalog #63363
Safety
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Ground each phase directly to ground do not daisy chain
Safety
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Rubber gloves will not be used to touch any non-grounded conductor or equipment rated above 4160 V phase to phase
Safety
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Personnel must stay clear of the PPG cable, while installing it to conductors or equipment a coworker should assist in applying heavy PPG cable by holding it with another live line tool
The process of holding the PPG cable near the base of the hot stick by hand to lighten load is strictly prohibited
Rule 3111
Grounding
B. New lines or equipment may be considered deenergized when grounds have been installed or the hazard of induced voltage is not present and means to prevent contact with energized lines that have been implemented.
C. Bare wire communication conductors on power pole or structures must be treated as energize lines and covered with protective equipment
Rule 3111
Grounding
G. when grounds are required, they must be placed between work locations and all sources of supply energize high voltage lines which cross over or under energized lines must be considered a source of supply.
Rule 3111
Grounding
J. if work is to be performed at more than one location on a given line, each employee in charge is responsible for grounding and short-circuiting all conductors to protect the workers from all sources of supply and all other cruise accomplished by installing grounds on both sides of the workers on all conductors and installing individual protective ground equipment to prevent each employee from being exposed to hazardous differences in electrical potential and such instances once that are browns must be ready visible to at least one crew member
Rule 3603 a
Grounding
All cables and equipment must be considered and worked as energized unless positively known to be de-energized by test and grounded
Rule 3603 B
Grounding
New lines or equipment may be considered Denergize when grounds have been installed or the hazard of induce voltage is not present and means to prevent contact with energize sources have been implemented
Rule 3603C
Grounding
C. Note you can have no current flow and the cable and equipment can still be energized testing for current alone is not a valid test.
Rule 3111
Grounding
L. Grounding to towers must be made with the tower clamp.
M. All ground leads must be capable of conducting the maximum fault current available and must have a minimum conductance of #1/0 awg copper.
O. Grounds may be temporarily removed for test purposes and extreme care exercise during test procedures.
Rule 3303
A. De energize conductors and apps must be tested for voltage before grounds are installed.
B. Grounds must be placed so at least one of them is visible to at least one member of the crew.
C. Only approved grounding devices may be used. They must first be connected to the ground before attached to the conductor or apparatus to be grounded. Reversed order must be followed for removal of grounding devices.
Rule 3303
Grounding
D. employee installing the grounding device as a must determine that all other employees are a safe distance from any portion of the grounding device before contacting the conductor or apparatus being grounded
E. Grounds are to be placed as close as practical to the work location.
F. Insulating devices appropriate for the voltage involved must be used to make or break ground connection, directly to conductors or apparatus.
Rule 3303
G. The minimum distance shown in rule 3103A must be maintained from unprotected deenergize, ungrounded, conductors or apparatus at the work location or such conductors or apparatus must be worked as energized
Cover
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Insulating device rated for the voltage, involved(line hose, plastic cover, and insulating blanket)
Qualified electrical worker
QEW
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Is a person who has a minimum of two years of training and experience with high voltage circuits and equipment has demonstrated familiarity with the work to be performed and the hazards involved as well as obtain a journeyman status
Qualified employee
QE
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An employee ,person ,contractor who buy a reason of experience or instruction is familiar with the work to be performed and the hazards involved
Shall have minimum knowledge in all aspects of substation, equipment and procedures, be trained, and qualified for specific hazards involved in the activity that they are performing or overseeing and have to be current on the substation entry list maintained by GCC
Minimum approach distance
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The minimum air insulation distance (maid) plus a factor for inadvertent movement
Electrical source
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A process of generating voltage and current and the associated transmission, including
-Electrical generators
-exposed conductors
-Open clearance points
-backfeed from single and parallel transformers
-and reduce voltage from adjacent, parallel, and or overhead energized
-Static charge
-Induced voltages from radio ,microwaves and TV transmission
-Lightning
Energized
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Electrically connected to a source of potential or electrically charge so as to have potential difference between a conductor and the Earth
Deenergized
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Lines or equipment that are disconnected from all normal sources of electrical supply by opening disconnect, secondary switches, jumpers taps, elbows, or other means deenergize lines could be electrically charge or energize through various means(induction, portable generators, lightning) do not allow workers to enter the minimum approach distance, unless the work methods in this procedure are followed, or the insulation work method is used
Electric field induction
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The process of generating voltage and current in an isolated conductive object or electric circuit by means of time varying electric fields
Minimum air insulation distance
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The shortest air distance between an energized line or equipment and a conductive body at a different potential
Does not take into account a floating electrode in the gap or any factor for inadvertent movement
Substation ground mat
Ground Grid
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A mat or Grid with a conductive mesh that is used to burn all non-current conductive objects together, including the fence ,breaker and transformer tanks, structures, and other items within the substation or power plant
Bracket grounding
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A grounding method were tripping grounds are installed on both sides of a worksite may not provide worker protection if an EPZ is not also developed at the worksite
Backfeed
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Electrical voltage and current from an unknown not controlled by the system operator
Bonding jumper
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A jumper used to bond conductive parts together
Example un insulated manlift and grounded line or equipment
Equipotential zone
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The area of protection created by maintaining a near identical electrical potential between two or more items as compared to the nominal voltage present
Personal ground
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Personal protective grounding equipment used to bond the worksite ground source, the deenergize lines and equipment together with the work platform
Personal protective grounding
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The combination of tripping grounds and bonding jumpers installed any method that bonds, deenergized lines and equipment with all other conductive objects within the works site(including the structure, guys pole, grounds etc) trading a PZ and limiting exposure voltage to safe value
Grounded(grounding)
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A means of connecting an electrical line or electrical equipment to ground, whether intentional or accidental
Ground(ground source)
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Earth or a conductive body of relatively large extent that serves in a place of earth ground normally provides a reference to 0 V for electrical circuits
Under fault conditions, ground voltage can rise to a level above 0 V near an intentional or accidental connection of an electrical current to ground
Tripping grounds
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Temporary protective grounding equipment installed in a manner that bonds the grand source and face conductors together chipping grounds may not provide a worker protection if an EPZ is not also developed at the worksite
Protect equipment
Step potential
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The difference in surface voltage that could be experienced by a person bridging a distance of 1 m without the feet, touching any grounded object
Touch potential
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The difference in the voltage between an energized metallic structure or equipment and a point on arms reach away approximately 1 m
Separation may be from one normal horizontal, reach to a much larger distance due to a conductive element, extending the energization
PPG purpose
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Purpose of PPG on deenergize lines and equipment is to limit current through the work earth to an acceptable value of voltages are introduced into the worksite. If an accidental, switching error or other occurrence allows full system, voltage and fault current to enter the worksite, acceptable worker body current must be kept below the threshold of heart fibrillation, typically 164 mA. Electric field induction or mag induction should be kept below let go threshold 25 mA.
Three methods of approved work within MAD of energize or deenergize lines and equipment
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Insulation
Isolation
The use of PPG equipment to create an a PZ
