STI Epidemiology

Question 1

Bacterial agents of STIs

Answer 1

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Chlamydia trachomatis
Teponema pallidum

Question 2

Viral causes of STIs

Answer 2

Herpes simplex virus
HIV
Human papilloma virus
Hepatitis B

Question 3

Protozoan causes of STIs

Answer 3

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 4

Arthropodal causes of STIs

Answer 4

Phthirus pubis (public lice)
Scarcoptes scabiei (Scabies)

Question 5

Does a vaccine for hepatitis B exist?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

Most common detection mechanism of STIs today

Answer 6

Nucleic acid-based detection

Question 7

R0

Answer 7

How transmissible an infection is

Question 8

Implications if R0 is above 1

Answer 8

1 person will on average give it to more than 1 other person

Epidemic

Question 9

Implications if R0 is 1

Answer 9

Endemic

Question 10

Implications if R0 is below 1

Answer 10

Disease will eventually disappear

Question 11

Equation for R0

Answer 11

R0=beta x C x D
Beta = Transmissibility
C = Number of contacts while infectious
D = Duration of infection

Question 12

Role of bridging population

Answer 12

Bring infection to low-risk population (general population) from core transmitters

Question 13

STIs in remote Australia

Answer 13

Much higher rates of gonorrhoea and chlamydia
Prevalence of STIs that are uncommon elsewhere (syphilis, donovanosis)
Penicillin-sensitive gonorrhoea (unusual)
Same rate of HIV

Question 14

Trend in chlamydial infections in Victoria

Answer 14

~10% increase each year

Question 15

Most at-risk group of chlamydial infection in Australia

Answer 15

Females, 15-19 years old

Question 16

C. trachomatis prevalence among young Australian women

Answer 16

~5-28%

Question 17

RIsing resistance in N. gonorrhoeae

Answer 17

To ciprofloxacin

Question 18

Definition of newly-acquired HIV

Answer 18

Less than 1 year since last HIV negative test

Or seroconversion illness