Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MIIM2002 - 2 > Sexually Transmitted Infections > Flashcards

Sexually Transmitted Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Names of three important bacterial causes of STIs

A

Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Treponema pallidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Main cause of damage in chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis

A

Immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Serovars

A

Serotypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis that cause trachoma

A

A, B, C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis that cause conjunctivitis, uro-genital tract infections, reactive arthritis, pneumonitis

A

D - K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis that cause lymphogranuloma venereum

A

L1, L2, L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Disease caused by Chlamydophila pneumoniae

A

Atypical pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Disease caused by Chlamydophila psittaci

A

Acute respiratory disease in humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Most common STI in developed countries

A

Chlamydia trachomatis serovars D-K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Common sites of Chlamydia trachomatis infections (D-K)

A

Cervix, urethra, pharynx, rectum, conjunctiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chlamydial infection that results in penile and vaginal discharge

A

Urethritis, cervicitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Can Chlamydia trachomatis cause pelvic inflammatory disease?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diseases that newborns can develop from contact with maternal Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Conjunctivitis, pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Features of Chlamydiae

A

Gram negative

Small (0.25-0.8micrometers)

Peptidoglycan not detected in cell wall (not detected by Gram stain)

Weakly endotoxic, truncated LPS

An energy parasite (obligate intracellular, uses host mitochondria)

Slow replication (2-3 days)

Damage mostly caused by host immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Elementary body of Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Infectious, extracellular particle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Reticulate body of Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Replicative, intracellular particle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q 
Chlamydia trachomatis infection
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
A

1) EB binds columnar epithelial cells with adhesins
2) Enters cell via cell-mediated endocytosis
3) Prevents endosome fusion with lysosome.
4) Endosomes clump together to form an ‘inclusion’
5) EB transforms into RB in inclusion
6) RB replicate in inclusion (200-1000RBs), feed with ‘drinking straws’ inserted into cytoplasm
7) RB converted to EB, released from cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Target of antimicrobials directed against Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Reticulate bodies

Therefore antimicrobial has to be able to penetrate tissues and cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Effect of interferon gamma on Chlamydia

A

RB phase is prolonged

Leads to low-level chronic inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cells that release interferon gamma

A

Activated CD4, CD8, macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Damage caused by the immune response to a Chlamydial infection

1)
2)
3)
4)

A

1) Infected epithelial cells release chemokines, leading to an influx of neutophils, monocytes, DCs, NKs
2) T and B cells activated, T cells lead to a persistence of RB stage (IFN gamma). These cells and macrophages form follicles
3) Chlamydial heat shock protein 60 (hsp60) also contributes to chronic inflammation
4) Inflammation leads to scarring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Preferred method of testing for Chlamydia

A

PCR of samples (discharge, first-pass urine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Treatment of Chlamydia

A

Tetracycline or macrolide antibiotics, given over a long period (good tissue penetration)

Single, long-acting dose of azithromycin

24
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae features

A 
Gram negative
Diplococcus
Often intracellular
Extremely fastidious, doesn't survive drying, disinfectants
Grows best in high-CO2 environment
25
Q

Symptoms of Neisseria gonorrhoea infection

A

Similar to Chlamydia trachomatis

Presents as urethritis

26
Q

Possible complications of gonorrhoea in females

A

Can ascend the genital tract, cause pelvic inflammatory disease

27
Q

Main demographic infected with gonorrhoea in Australia

A

Men who have sex with men

28
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoea infection and spread

A

Target columnar epithelial cells
Attach using adhesins
Replicate at cell surface, spread in mucus (aided by twitching pili)
Can invade some cells and translocate to systemic tissue

29
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoea adhesins

A

PIli
Outer membrane proteins
Lipo-oligosaccharides (LPS without O antigen)

30
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoea pathogenesis

A

No exotoxins
Inflammatory response stimulated by LPS and peptidoglycan
TNF secretion results in loss of ciliated epithelial cells

31
Q

Gonococcal evasion of the immune system

A

Invasive strains can avoid the complement cascade and neutrophils
Antigenic variation of pili helps avoid antibody response
Efficiently acquires genetic material form other bacteria –> rapid antibiotic resistance

32
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoea identificaiton

A

Culture of discharge or urethral, cervical swab
PCR of urine, vaginal swab
Intracellular and extracellular
Gram negative diplococci, polymorphonuclear neutrophils

33
Q

GC medium

A

Horse blood agar, presented as a biplate, lysed blood cells
One side has antibiotics included
Grow in capnophilic environment

34
Q

Capnophilic

A

LIkes high carbon dioxide environment

35
Q

Reason for biplate of GC medium

A

Gonorrhoea samples are with normal flora

This allows for selection of gonorrhoea

36
Q

Treatment of N. gonorrhoeae infections

A

Injectable beta-lactamase-resistant cephalosporin (EG: ceftriaxone)

37
Q

Comorbidity of chlamydia and gonorrhoea

A

40%

38
Q

Treponema pallidum characteristics

A 
A spirochete
Slender, spiral rod (0.1-0.2micrometers)
Motile
Very labile
Can't be cultured (can be grown in rabbit testes, doesn't cause syphilis)
39
Q

Stages of syphilis timeframe

A 
Infection
3 weeks
Primary syphilis - 2 - 6 weeks
2-24 weeks asymptomatic
Secondary syphilis - 2 - 6 weeks
3 - 30 years asymptomatic
Tertiary syphilis
40
Q

Primary syphilis characteristics

A

Chancre or asymptomatic

41
Q

Secondary syphilis characteristics

A

Rash
Warty genital lesions
Lymphadenopathy

42
Q

Tertiary syphilis characteristics

A

Targets eyes, ears, heart, brain

Gummas

43
Q

What is occurring in the asymptomatic period between stages of syphilis?

A

Control of infection by Th, MF, B cells

44
Q

What is a chancre sore?

A

Local ulcer

45
Q

What is occurring during secondary syphilis?

A

Disseminated bacteria localise in tissues, causing symptoms

46
Q

What is occurring during tertiary syphilis?

A

Multiplication of bacteria

Hypersensitivity response

47
Q

Diagnosis of syphilis

A

Dark-ground microscopy of droplet from primary (or rarely secondary) genital lesion

PCR of the same specimen

Rapid tests that test for cross-reactive antibodies with cardiolipin (Rapid plasma reagin RPR test)

EIA for treponemal antigens

48
Q

Rapid plasma reagin test

A

Detects antibodies directed against components of damaged cells - Cardiolipin
Highly sensitive (few false negatives)
Not very specific (some false positives)
Cheap
Must be confirmed with specific tests for anti-treponemal antibodies (EIA)

49
Q

Syphilis treatment

A

Penicillin - no resistance detected

Treatment needed to prevent mothers giving syphilis to babies

50
Q

How is Chlamydia trachomatis cultured?

A

Using live cells, as Chlamydia is an energy parasite

51
Q

Discharge associated with Chlamydia serovars D-K

A

Watery

Intracellular parasite, therefore there is a T-cell response, not purulent

52
Q

Feature of Chlamydial or Gonococcal infections that leads to infertility

A

Scarring of Fallopian tubes

53
Q

Discharge associated with Neisseria gonorrhoea infection

A

Purulent

54
Q

DIfference in ID of gonococcal infection between males and females

A

In males, detection of gonococcus in a urethral swab is a positive ID

In females, normal commensal gonococci. Ned more testing for a positive ID

55
Q

Gumma

A

Soft, non-malignant growth

MIIM2002 - 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions