STI chapter Flashcards
Four are currently curable:
syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis
Four are incurable:
hepatitis B, herpes simplex virus (HSV or herpes), HIV, and human papillomavirus (HPV)
Chlamydia is caused by
chlamydia trachomatis (bacteria)
Transmission mode of chlamydia is
vaginal, oral, anal, and childbirth
Symptoms of chlamydia:
May be asymptomatic, dysuria, urinary frequency, dyspareunia, cervical discharge, endocervicitis, inflammations of the rectum and lining of the eye, can infect throat
Recommended treatment for chlamydia:
Azithromycin (zithromax), Doxycycline (vibramycin), Erythromycin (EES), Levoflaxin Ofloxacin (Floxin)
Gonorrhea is often co infected with ?
Chlamydia
Gonorhea is caused by
Neisseria gonnorrhoeae (bacteria)
Gonorrhea is transmitted by
vaginal, anal, oral, and childbirth
Symptoms of gonorrhea
may be asymptomatic, dysuria, urinary frequency, vaginal discharge, dyspareunia, endocervicitis, arthritis, PID, rectal infection
Treatment for gonorrhea
dual therapy with ceftriaxone and azithromycin
What does the P in the PLISSIT model stand for?
Permission: Gives the woman permission to talk about her experience
What does LI in the PLISSIT model stand for?
Limited Information: Info given to the woman about STI’s
-Factual info to dispel myths about STIs
-Specific measures to prevent transmission
-ways to reveal info to her partners
-physical consequences if the infections are untreated
What does the SS in the PLISSIT model stand for?
Specific suggestions: an attempt to help woman change their behavior to prevent recurrence and prevent further transmission of the STI
What does the IT in the PLISSIT model stand for?
Intensive therapy: involves referring the woman or couple for appropriate treatment elsewhere based on their life circumstances
Common misconceptions about contraception:
-Breastfeeding protects against pregnancy
-“pull out”
-pregnancy cannot occur during menses
-douching after sex will prevent pregnancy
-pregnancy will not happen during the first sexual experience
-taking bc pills protects against STIs
-the woman is too old to get pregnant
-if female orgasm is not reached, conception is not likely
-irregular menstruation prevents pregnancy
One of the most common causes of vaginal discharge. Also refers to as yeast, monilia, and a fungal infection
vaginal candidiasis
Candida (fungus)
is a normal constituent in the vagina
Treatment of vaginal candidiasis:
Miconazole cream or suppository; Clotrimazole tablet or cream; Terconazole cream or intravaginal suppository; Fluconazole oral tablet
Preventive measures of vaginal Candidiasis:
-Reduce dietary intake of simple sugars and soda
-Wear white, 100% cotton underpants
-Avoid wearing tight pants, or exercise clothes with spandex
-Shower rather than taking baths
-Wash with a mild, unscented soap and dry the genitals gently
-Avoidance of douching or super-absorbent tampons
-remove wet bathing suits promptly
Vaginal Candidiasis
A thick, white, curd-like discharge that sticks to the vaginal walls
Trichomoniasis
another common vaginal infection that causes a discharge, but is not always sexually transmitted
Trichomoniasis can live on
damp/wet surfaces and poorly cleaned/maintained hot tubs and drains
Describe Trichomoniasis
A heavy yellow/green or gray frothy or bubbly discharge; vaginal pruritus and vulvar soreness; dyspareunia; cervix may bleed on contact; dysuria; vaginal odor
Sexually associated infection characterized by alterations in vaginal flora in which lactobacilli in the vagina are replaced with high concentrations of anaerobic bacteria
Bacterial Vaginosis
Bacterial Vaginosis is caused by
gram-negative bacillus G. Vaginalis
Most prevalent cause of vaginal discharge or malodor
Bacterial vaginosis
what percentage of women are asymptomatic that have BV
50%-75%
Risk factors of BV:
Multiple sex partners, douching, and lack of vaginal lactobacilli
Treatment of BV:
metronidazole (oral or gel) or clindamycin cream
Symptoms of BV:
thin, white vaginal discharge with stale fish odor
Cervicitis means
general term for presence of inflammation or infection of the cervix
what causes gonorrhea
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (bacteria)
recommended treatment for gonorrhea
dual therapy with ceftriaxone and azithromycin
syphillis caused by
treponema pallidum (spirochete bacteria)
chancre (ulcer) on place of entrance of bacteria
primary infection of syphillis
maculopapular rash (hands and feet); sore throat; swollen lymph nodes; flu like symptoms
secondary infection of syphillis
No symptoms;
latent infection of syphillis
tumors of skin, bones, and liver; CNS symptoms; cardiovascular symptoms; usually not reversible at this stage
Tertiary infection of syphillis
trichomoniasis caused by
trichomonas vaginalis (protozoa)
treatment for trichomoniasis
metronidazole (flagyl) or trinidazole
treatment of vaginal candidiasis
miconazole cream or suppository
clotrimazole tablet or cream
terconazole cream
fluconazole oral tablet
site of infection of gonorrhea
columnar epithelium of the endocervix
spread primarily through sexual contact
hsv 2
spread primarily though oral contact, such as kissing, sharing utensils or recieving oral sex
hsv1
treatment of syphilis
benzathine penicillin G. Doxycycline if allergic to penicillin
is syphilis curable ?
yes
Is genital herpes simplex curable ?
no
most common viral infection in the US
human papillomavirus
hepatitis A spreads via
GI tract
the virus that causes aids
HIV
transmitted during sex; needles; childbirth; breastfeeding
HIV
focusing on avoidance of sex and alcohol consumption
vaginal candidiasis
focusing on avoidance of sex and alcohol consumption
vaginal candidiasis
genital warts or condylomata are caused by
human papillomavirus
vaccines currently available for which STI infections ?
hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and HPV
hpv is closely associated with
cervical cancer
