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STI Cards Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What virses cause genital herpes?

A

80-90% are HSV-2; 10% are HSV-1 (more often associated with cold sores)

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of genital ulcers?

A

HSV

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3
Q

Is HSV infectious in the asymptomatic latent phase?

A

Yes. There is intermittent shedding of virus at the genital skin

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4
Q

What is the clinical presentation of genital herpes?

A

Often asymptomatic. If symptomatic: Multiple painful vesicular lesions over erythematous base. Self-resolving in 2-4 weeks, worse in primary disease than secondary.

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5
Q

What histology test is used to diagnose genital herpes?

A

Tzanck smear (showing multinucleated giant cells)

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6
Q

What is the treatment for genital herpes?

A

Acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir

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7
Q

What causes syphilis?

A

Spirochete Treponema pallidum

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8
Q

In which populations are syphilis infections increasing?

A

MSM population in the US, Canada, Europe, and Australia

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9
Q

How is T. pallidum transmitted?

A

Sexual contact or maternal-fetal

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10
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of syphilis in the early stage?

A

Primary: single painless indurated chancre, condylomata lata; Secondary: fever, lymphadenopathy, rash on palms and soles

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11
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of syphilis in the latent stage?

A

None. Latent syphilis is asymptomatic.

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12
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of syphilis in the late stage?

A

Tertiary syphilis: CNS involvement, skin involvement, CVD, gumma (granulomatous disease)

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13
Q

What are the outcomes of early stage syphilis?

A

1/3 of patient self-cure; 2/3 progress to latent infection

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14
Q

What is a common presentation of neurosyphilis?

A

Infection of the posterior column of the spinal cord leads to demyelinization resulting in Tabes Dorsalis: ataxia, areflexia, loss of proprioception, and Argyll Robertson pupil

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15
Q

What are possible CNS manifestations of syphilis?

A

Asymptomatic; acute syphilitic meningitis; general paresis; tabes dorsalis

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16
Q

What are the outcomes of untreated syphilis infection in pregnancy?

A

80% of cases are miscarriage, stillbirth, or congenital infeciton

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17
Q

What are the early clinical manifestations of congenital syphilis?

A

Snuffles, pneumonia, hepatitis, bone involvement, meningitis

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18
Q

What are the late clinical manifestations of congenital syphilis?

A

Hutchinson’s incisors, keratitis, deafness, Saber shins, iritis

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19
Q

How is an active syphilis infection most specificially diagnosed?

A

Dark field microscopy

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20
Q

What tests are used to screen or monitor syphilis infection?

A

Non-treponemal rapid plasma reagin antibodies or VDRL

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21
Q

When are screening tests for syphilis likely to give a false positive result?

A

Patients with autoimmune disease, mononucleosis, and elderly

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22
Q

What test is used to confirm syphilis infection?

A

Treponemal antibody test (FTA-ABS), which remains positive for life

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23
Q

What causes chancroid?

A

H. ducreyi, a small GNR

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24
Q

What is the clinical presentation of chancroid?

A

Painful genital ulcers + marked regional lymphadenopathy

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25
Q

What is the treatment for chancroid?

A

Azithromycin

26
Q

How is chancroid diagnosed?

A

PCR

27
Q

What causes lymphogranuloma venerum?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis serovars L1-L3

28
Q

What populations does lymphogranuloma venerum usually affect?

A

Tropics (endemic) or MSM in developed countries

29
Q

What is the clinical presentation of lymphogranuloma venerum?

A

Painless papules, lymphadenopathy in groin or axilla (buboes/”groove sign”, proctitis, and ulcers

30
Q

What is the treatment for lymphogranuloma venerum?

A

Doxycycline

31
Q

What are four reportable STIs to the US public health departments?

A

Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and trichomonas

32
Q

What % of the US population has HSV?

A

25% have serological evidence of HSV

33
Q

What is the predominant normal vaginal flora?

A

Lactobacillus

34
Q

What are normal variations on vaginal discharge?

A

Mycoid, especially at midcycle; thicker/whiter during pregnancy

35
Q

How does candida vaginitis present?

A

“Cottage cheese” white and clumpy discharge

36
Q

How is candida vaginitis diagnosed?

A

Wet mount KOH stain showing yeast and pseudohyphae

37
Q

What is the treatment for vaginal candidiasis?

A

Oral fluconazole, micinazole suppository, or butoconazole cream

38
Q

What causes bacterial vaginosis?

A

Gardnerella vaginalis or other anaerobes

39
Q

How does bacterial vaginosis present?

A

Malororous, grey, thin discharge

40
Q

How is bacterial vaginosis diagnosed?

A

“Clue cells” on wet mount, fish odor on KOH stain.

41
Q

What is the treatment for bacterial vaginosis?

A

Metronidazole (oral or gel) or tinidazole (oral)

42
Q

How does trichomonas vaginalis present?

A

Foul-smelling, green-yellow vaginal discharge + itching or burning

43
Q

How is trichomonas vaginalis diagnosed?

A

Wet mount shows motile trophozoites. May see “Strawberry cervix” on physical exam

44
Q

How is trichomonas vaginalis transmitted?

A

Sexually transmission (so treat partners!)

45
Q

How is trichomonas vaginalis treated?

A

Metronidazole or tinidazole (oral)

46
Q

What are the two most common causes of urethritis?

A

N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis

47
Q

What are the 4 clinical presentations of chlamydia?

A

Genital tract infection, trachoma, atypical pneumonia, and psittacosis

48
Q

What species of chlamydia causes genital tract infection?

A

C. trachomatis D-K

49
Q

What is the treatment for chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline or azithromycin

50
Q

How does chlamydia present in neonates?

A

Conjunctivitis and pneumonitis

51
Q

What is one uncommon but serious sequelae of chlamydia infection?

A

Reactive arthritis (post-infectious uveitis, urethritis and arthritis)

52
Q

How is reactive arthritis treated?

A

NSAIDS

53
Q

What is the gram stain and shape of N. gonorroeae?

A

Gram negative, diplococci

54
Q

What different ways can N. gonorroeae present?

A

Men: urethritis, epididymitis, prostatitis. Women: cervicitis, PID. Infants: conjunctivitis.

55
Q

How does N. gonorroeae present if infection is disseminated?

A

Arthritis, rash.

56
Q

How is N. gonorroeae diagnosed?

A

Postiive graim stain, cultures on Thayer-Martin media, or nucleic acid testing

57
Q

What is the treatment of N. gonorrhoeae?

A

Ceftriazone IM plus azithromycin oral, one-time

58
Q

What are the minimum clinical criteria for PID?

A

Uterine tenderness OR adnexal tenderness OR cervical motion tenderness

59
Q

Describe the presentation of N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis in infants

A

Neonatal conjunctivitis (opthalmia neonatorum)

60
Q

How can opthalmia neonatorum be prevented?

A

Prophylactic erythromycin ointment at delivery protects againt N. gonorrhoeae, although not C. trichomatas.

Microbiology (9 decks)

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