STEVENS: CELLS AND ORGANS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Flashcards
T or F:
mature lymphocytes can be found in the tissues and peripheral blood
T
RC of neutrophils
50-75%
size of neutrophils
10-15 um
other name for neutrophil
“segs”
proportion of specific granules of neutrophils
two thirds
proportion of azurophilic granules of neutrophils
one thirds
azurophilic granules are aka
primary granules
specific granules are aka
secondary granules
primary granules of neutrophil
myeloperoxidase
lysozyme
elastase
proteinase-3
cathepsin G
defensins
secondary granules of neutrophil
lysozyme
lactoferrin
collagenase
gelatinase
respiratory burst components
in what pool is are half of the neutrophil in peripheral blood found
marginating pool, adhering to blood vessel walls
how many hours do neutrophil circulate in the blood
6-8 hours
chemical messengers that cause cells to migrate in a particular destination
chemotaxins
size of eosinophils
12-15 um
RC of eosinophils
1-3%
eosinophil granules
catalase
lysozyme
growth factors
cationic proteins
component of eosinophils that kill parasites
cationic proteins
most important role of eosinophils
regulation of mast cell function
size of basophil
10-15 um
basophil granules
histamine
cytokines
growth factors
small amount of heparin
function of basophil
regulate Th cell responses
stimulate B cells to produce IgE
how many types of granules does monocyte have
two
size of monocytes
12-22 um
first type of monocyte granules
peroxidase
acid phosphatase
arylsulfatase
(similar to lysosomes of neutrophils)
second type of monocyte granules
beta-glucuronidase
lysozyme
lipase
(no alkaline phosphatase)
T or F
monocyte has digestive vacuoles
T
RC of monocytes
4-10%
lifespan of monocytes in blood before they become macrophage
30 hours
size of macrophage
25-80 um
what does monocyte has that macrophage doesnt
peroxidase
why is macrophage less efficient than neutrophils
slower
how do macrophage move through tissues
amoeboid reaction
some are immobile
life span of macrophage
months
innate functions of macrophage
microbial killing
anti-tumor activity
intracellular parasite eradication
phagocytosis
secretion of cell mediators
how is the killing activity of macrophage enhanced
contact w/ microorganisms
cytokines released by T cells
adaptive functions of macrophage
present antigens to T and B cells
where are mast cells located
skin
connective tissue
mucosal epithelial tissue (respiratory, genitourinary, digestive tract)
life span of mast cells
9-18 months
mast cell granules
ACP
ALP
protease
histamine
contribution of mast cell in adaptive immunity
APC
enhance and also suppress adaptive immunity
discovered dendritic cells
Steinman and Cohn, 1973
to what cell dendritic cells present Ag
T cell
RC of lymphocytes
20-40%
size of lymphocytes
7-10 um
granules of lymphocytes
NO GRANULES LOL AGRANULOCYTE GANI
percentage of B cells in lymphocyte population
10-20%
percentage of T cells in lymphocyte population
61-80%
percentage of NK cells in lymphocyte population
10-15%
how are lymphocytes differentiated
Clusters of differentiation
number of CD designations
more than 500
B cells remain in the environment provided by
bone marrow stromal cells
B cells can be recognized by the presence of what membrane-bound antibodies
IgM and IgD
surface proteins found on B cells
CD19, CD21, Class II MHC
lymphocyte precursor of T cell
thymocytes
role of T cells
-produce cytokines to stimulate B cells to produce antibodies
-assist in killing tumor cells/infected cells
-help regulate both innate and adaptive immunity
(cell-mediated immunity)
CD of T cells
CD3
CD of regulatory or helper T
CD4
CD of cytotoxic T
CD8
ratio of CD4 and CD8 cells in peripheral blood
2:1
why are NK cells named as is
have the ability to kill target cells w/o prior exposure to them
where do NK cells mature
bone marrow
size of NK cell
15 um
morphology of NK
contain kidney shaped nuclei with condensed chromatin
where are NK cells found
liver, spleen, PB
unique CD markers of NK cells
no UNIQUE CD markers
CD present in NK cells
CD16 and CD56
purpose of CD16
allows NK to make contact with and lyse cells coated with antibodies
half-life of NK
7-10 days
T or F
NK can develop memory
T
B cell was named from
bursa of Fabricius
Immature T cells appear in fetus as early as how many weeks
8 weeks
maturation of T cells takes place for how many weeks
3 weeks
where are mature T cells released from
medulla of thymus
where do lymphocytes spends most of its life span
solid tissue
how do lymphocytes travel to tissue and back to blood
thoracic duct
process of multiplication of lymphocytes
lymphopoiesis
where does lymphopoiesis occur
secondary lymphoid tissue
difference of lymphopoiesis and lymphocyte production from BM
lymphopoiesis- antigen dependent
BM- antigen independent
what gives rise to long lived memory cells and shorter lived effector cells
antigen activation
T-cell rich region of white pulp
periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS)
attached to PALS that contain unstimulated B cells
primary follicles
PALS part where dendritic cells trap antigens
marginal zone
spleen receives how much blood
350 mL/min
the sinuses of lymph node are lined with what cells
macrophage
how do lymphocytes enter the lymph node
high endothelial venules
cells found in the cortex
macrophages, mature resting B cells
primary follicles contain
resting B cells
specialized cells located in primary follicles that help capture antigen and present to T and B cells
follicular dendritic cells
secondary follicles contain
antigen stimulated B cells
where do transformation of b cells takes place
germinal centers below the secondary follicle
where are T cells mainly localized
paracortex
APC closely located to T cells
interdigitating cells
enlargement of lymph node is called
lymphadenopathy
intraepidermal lymphocytes are part of
cutaneous-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT)
