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Genitourinary System > Steuctural & Functional Orginization of the Male Repoductive System > Flashcards

Steuctural & Functional Orginization of the Male Repoductive System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the organs of the male reproductive system

A

testes

accessory sex organs

supporting structures

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2
Q

the testes are a system of ducts that includes what

A

epididymis

ductus deferens

ejaculatory ducts

urethra

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3
Q

the accessory sex gland includes what

A

seminal vesicles

prostate

bulbourethral glands

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4
Q

the supporting structures includes what

A

scrotum and penis

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5
Q

what separates the testes into internal compartments

A

lobules, a dense white fibrous capsule

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6
Q

what produces sperm by a process called spermatogenesis and lines with spermatogenic cells

A

Seminiferous tubules

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7
Q

what type of cells are Located between the developing sperm cells in the seminiferous tubules.

A

Sertoli Cells

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8
Q

what release the hormone inhibin which regulates sperm production

A

Sertoli Cells

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9
Q

support, protect, and nourish spermatogenic cells; phagocytize degenerating spermatogenic
cells; and secrete fluid for sperm transport

A

Sertoli Cells

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10
Q

what is located between the seminiferous tubules and secrete the hormone testosterone

A

Leydig cells

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11
Q

what hormone promotes the development of masculine characteristics

A

Androgen

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12
Q

what promotes a mans libido

A

testosterone

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13
Q

the production and survuval of sper is optimal at what temprature

A

2 - 3 degrees C normal body temp

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14
Q

what is the process by which the sminiferous tubules of the testes produce sperm

A

spermatogenesis

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15
Q

what are the 3 stages of spermatogenesis

A

Meiosis I

Meiosis II

Spermiogenesis

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16
Q

from the time of onset of cell division in a spermatogonium until the sperm is released into the lumen of a seminiferous tubule is how many days

A

65-75

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17
Q

spermatogonia contain how many diploid number of chromosomes

A

46

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18
Q

during the interphase the precedes meiosis I what are the chromosomes doing

A

chromosomes replicates

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19
Q

is there replication of DNA in Meiosis II

A

No

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20
Q

what is the last stage of spermatogensis called

A

spermiogenesis

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21
Q

what are the haploid cells formed during meiosis II called

A

spermatids

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22
Q

sperm is produced at a rate of how much per day

A

300 million

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23
Q

once sperm is ejaculated it does not survive more than how many hours in the female reproductive tract

A

48 hrs

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24
Q

what are the major parts of the sperm

A

head and tail

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25
Q

the head of the sperm contains what

A

Nuclear material (DNA)

acrosome

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26
Q

what is the acrosome of a sperm

A

a vesical that contains enzymes that aid in penetration into a second oocyte

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27
Q

the tail of a sperm is divided into what 4 parts

A

neck

middle piece

principal piece

end piece

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28
Q

what part of the tail is the constricted region that is just behind the head of the sperm

A

neck

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29
Q

what part of the sperm tail contains the mitochondria and provides ATP for locomotion

A

middle piece

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30
Q

what is a comma shaped organ that lies along the posterior border of the testis

A

epididymis

31
Q

what is the site of sperm maturation, and sperm acquires motility and ability to fertilize a secondary oocyte

A

ductus epididymis

32
Q

what duct stores sperm and helps propel them during sexual arousal by peristaltic contraction of its smooth muscle into the Ductus vas deferens

A

ductus epididymis

33
Q

what conveys sperm from the epididymis towards the urethra during sexual arousal by peristaltic contractions of the muscular coat

A

Ductus deferens / vas deferens

34
Q

how are the ejaculatory ducts formed

A

by union of ductus deferens and seminal vesicles

35
Q

the ejaculatory ducts carry sperm to where

A

urethra

36
Q

where does the urethra pass through

A

the prostate, deep perineal muscles and peins

37
Q

what secrets most of the liquid portion of semen

A

accessory sex glands

38
Q

where are the seminal vesicles located

A

posterior to the base of urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum

39
Q

The seminal vesicles secrete an alkaline viscous fluid that contains what

A

fructose

prostaglandins

clotting proteins

40
Q

what is the fructose in the seminal vesicles used for

A

ATP production by sperm

41
Q

fluid secreted by the seminal vesicles constitutes how much of volume of semen

A

60%

42
Q

the prostate is a single doughnut shaped gland about what size

A

gold ball

43
Q

the size of the prostate at the age of 30 remains stable until what age

A

45years old

44
Q

The prostate secretes a milky, slightly acidic fluid at what pH

A

6.5

45
Q

the milky fluid secreted by the prostate contains what

A

citric acid

46
Q

the citric acid found in the milky slightly acidic fluid secreted by the prostate is used by sperm for ATP production via what cycle

A

Krebs cycle

47
Q

prostatic secretions make up what percentage of semen volume

A

25%

48
Q

paired bulbourethral glands are about the size of what

A

peas

49
Q

during sexual arousal the bulbourethral gland secretes what type of substance

why

A

alkaline

protect sperm by neutralizing acids from urine in the urethra

50
Q

semen is a mixture of sperm and secretions from what

A

seminal vesicles

prostate

bulbourethral gland

51
Q

what is the ratio of semen in a typical ejaculation

A

50 - 150 million sperm per milliliters

52
Q

what is the typical volume of seamen during a ejaculation

A

2.5 - 5 milliliters

53
Q

when the ratio of seamen per milliliters falls below what threshold is the male considered to be infertile

A

below 20 million

54
Q

what is the pH of semen

A

7.2 - 7.7

55
Q

what does the penis consit of

A

root

body

glans penis

56
Q

what are the two dorsolateral masses of the penis called

A

corpora cavernosa

57
Q

what is the smaller midventral mass of the penis called

A

spongiosum

58
Q

erections are what type of neuro impulses

A

parasympathetic

59
Q

in a erection Parasympathetic impulses cause release of neurotransmitters and what local hormones

A

gas nitric oxide

60
Q

Ejaculation, the powerful release of semen from the urethra to the exterior, is why type of reflex

A

sympathetic reflex

61
Q

at the onset of puberty neurosecretory cells in thehypothalamus increase the secrtion of what

A

gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH)

62
Q

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the anterior pituitary to increase the secretion of what

A

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

63
Q

Luteninizing hormone stimulates leydig cells to secret what hormone

A

testosterone

64
Q

Testosterone is a steroid hormone that is synthesized from what and the priniciple androgen

A

cholesterol in the testes

65
Q

what kind of feed back system does testosterone to suppress leydig cells

A

negative feedback system

66
Q

In some target cells, such as those in the external genitals and prostate, an enzyme
converts testosterone to another androgen called

A

dihydrotestosterone (DHT).

67
Q

FSH and testosterone act together to stimulate

A

spermatogenesis

68
Q

Once the degree of spermatogenesis required for male reproductive functions has been achieved, Sertoli cells release what to inhibit Follicle-stimulating hormone

A

inhibin

69
Q

what stimulates the male pattern of development of reproductive
system ducts and the descent of the testes.

A

testosterone

70
Q

what stimulates development of the external genitals.

A

dihydrotestosterone (DHT).

71
Q

where is testosterone converted to estrogen in males

A

the brain

72
Q

At puberty what bring about development and enlargement of the
male sex organs and the development of masculine secondary sexual characteristics.

A

testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT).

73
Q

what contribute to male sexual behavior and spermatogenesis and to sex drive
(libido) in both males and females

A

Androgens

74
Q

Androgens are what type of hormone

A

anabolic stimulate protein synthesis.

Genitourinary System (7 decks)

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