Steuctural & Functional Orginization of the Male Repoductive System Flashcards
what are the organs of the male reproductive system
testes
accessory sex organs
supporting structures
the testes are a system of ducts that includes what
epididymis
ductus deferens
ejaculatory ducts
urethra
the accessory sex gland includes what
seminal vesicles
prostate
bulbourethral glands
the supporting structures includes what
scrotum and penis
what separates the testes into internal compartments
lobules, a dense white fibrous capsule
what produces sperm by a process called spermatogenesis and lines with spermatogenic cells
Seminiferous tubules
what type of cells are Located between the developing sperm cells in the seminiferous tubules.
Sertoli Cells
what release the hormone inhibin which regulates sperm production
Sertoli Cells
support, protect, and nourish spermatogenic cells; phagocytize degenerating spermatogenic
cells; and secrete fluid for sperm transport
Sertoli Cells
what is located between the seminiferous tubules and secrete the hormone testosterone
Leydig cells
what hormone promotes the development of masculine characteristics
Androgen
what promotes a mans libido
testosterone
the production and survuval of sper is optimal at what temprature
2 - 3 degrees C normal body temp
what is the process by which the sminiferous tubules of the testes produce sperm
spermatogenesis
what are the 3 stages of spermatogenesis
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
Spermiogenesis
from the time of onset of cell division in a spermatogonium until the sperm is released into the lumen of a seminiferous tubule is how many days
65-75
spermatogonia contain how many diploid number of chromosomes
46
during the interphase the precedes meiosis I what are the chromosomes doing
chromosomes replicates
is there replication of DNA in Meiosis II
No
what is the last stage of spermatogensis called
spermiogenesis
what are the haploid cells formed during meiosis II called
spermatids
sperm is produced at a rate of how much per day
300 million
once sperm is ejaculated it does not survive more than how many hours in the female reproductive tract
48 hrs
what are the major parts of the sperm
head and tail
the head of the sperm contains what
Nuclear material (DNA)
acrosome
what is the acrosome of a sperm
a vesical that contains enzymes that aid in penetration into a second oocyte
the tail of a sperm is divided into what 4 parts
neck
middle piece
principal piece
end piece
what part of the tail is the constricted region that is just behind the head of the sperm
neck
what part of the sperm tail contains the mitochondria and provides ATP for locomotion
middle piece
what is a comma shaped organ that lies along the posterior border of the testis
epididymis
what is the site of sperm maturation, and sperm acquires motility and ability to fertilize a secondary oocyte
ductus epididymis
what duct stores sperm and helps propel them during sexual arousal by peristaltic contraction of its smooth muscle into the Ductus vas deferens
ductus epididymis
what conveys sperm from the epididymis towards the urethra during sexual arousal by peristaltic contractions of the muscular coat
Ductus deferens / vas deferens
how are the ejaculatory ducts formed
by union of ductus deferens and seminal vesicles
the ejaculatory ducts carry sperm to where
urethra
where does the urethra pass through
the prostate, deep perineal muscles and peins
what secrets most of the liquid portion of semen
accessory sex glands
where are the seminal vesicles located
posterior to the base of urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum
The seminal vesicles secrete an alkaline viscous fluid that contains what
fructose
prostaglandins
clotting proteins
what is the fructose in the seminal vesicles used for
ATP production by sperm
fluid secreted by the seminal vesicles constitutes how much of volume of semen
60%
the prostate is a single doughnut shaped gland about what size
gold ball
the size of the prostate at the age of 30 remains stable until what age
45years old
The prostate secretes a milky, slightly acidic fluid at what pH
6.5
the milky fluid secreted by the prostate contains what
citric acid
the citric acid found in the milky slightly acidic fluid secreted by the prostate is used by sperm for ATP production via what cycle
Krebs cycle
prostatic secretions make up what percentage of semen volume
25%
paired bulbourethral glands are about the size of what
peas
during sexual arousal the bulbourethral gland secretes what type of substance
why
alkaline
protect sperm by neutralizing acids from urine in the urethra
semen is a mixture of sperm and secretions from what
seminal vesicles
prostate
bulbourethral gland
what is the ratio of semen in a typical ejaculation
50 - 150 million sperm per milliliters
what is the typical volume of seamen during a ejaculation
2.5 - 5 milliliters
when the ratio of seamen per milliliters falls below what threshold is the male considered to be infertile
below 20 million
what is the pH of semen
7.2 - 7.7
what does the penis consit of
root
body
glans penis
what are the two dorsolateral masses of the penis called
corpora cavernosa
what is the smaller midventral mass of the penis called
spongiosum
erections are what type of neuro impulses
parasympathetic
in a erection Parasympathetic impulses cause release of neurotransmitters and what local hormones
gas nitric oxide
Ejaculation, the powerful release of semen from the urethra to the exterior, is why type of reflex
sympathetic reflex
at the onset of puberty neurosecretory cells in thehypothalamus increase the secrtion of what
gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH)
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the anterior pituitary to increase the secretion of what
luteinizing hormone (LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteninizing hormone stimulates leydig cells to secret what hormone
testosterone
Testosterone is a steroid hormone that is synthesized from what and the priniciple androgen
cholesterol in the testes
what kind of feed back system does testosterone to suppress leydig cells
negative feedback system
In some target cells, such as those in the external genitals and prostate, an enzyme
converts testosterone to another androgen called
dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
FSH and testosterone act together to stimulate
spermatogenesis
Once the degree of spermatogenesis required for male reproductive functions has been achieved, Sertoli cells release what to inhibit Follicle-stimulating hormone
inhibin
what stimulates the male pattern of development of reproductive
system ducts and the descent of the testes.
testosterone
what stimulates development of the external genitals.
dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
where is testosterone converted to estrogen in males
the brain
At puberty what bring about development and enlargement of the
male sex organs and the development of masculine secondary sexual characteristics.
testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
what contribute to male sexual behavior and spermatogenesis and to sex drive
(libido) in both males and females
Androgens
Androgens are what type of hormone
anabolic stimulate protein synthesis.
