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Unit 1: Micro > Sterilization, Disinfection, and Antisepsis > Flashcards

Sterilization, Disinfection, and Antisepsis Flashcards

1
Q

What is a process that eliminates ALL forms of microbial life on inanimate objects?

A

Sterilization

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2
Q

What is a process that eliminates most pathogenic organisms except for spores?

A

Disinfection

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3
Q

What is a process that reduces the load of microorganisms on living skin and tissue?

A

Antisepsis

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4
Q

What is a process that removes debris, blood, proteins, and many microorganisms from a surface?

A

Decontamination

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5
Q

Pasteurization and liquid immersion in chemical sterilants are examples of what level of cleaning?

A

High-level disinfection

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6
Q

Hospital disinfectant with tuberculocidal activity is an example of what level of cleaning?

A

Intermediate-level disinfection

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7
Q

Hospital disinfectant with no tuberculocidal claim and which cannot destroy mycobacteria or spores is what level of cleaning?

A

Low-level disinfection

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8
Q

What kind of surfaces does a semicritical item come into contact with?

A

Mucous membranes and non-intact skin

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9
Q

Which kind of viruses have greater resistance to disinfectants: lipid-enveloped or non-enveloped?

A

Non-enveloped viruses

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10
Q

Which bacteria are more susceptible to disinfectants: Gram (+) or Gram (-)?

A

Gram (+) bacteria

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11
Q

Do autoclaving and pasteurization occur above or below 100C?

A

Autoclaving is >100C (pressurized); Pasteurization is below 100C

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12
Q

Mycobacterium and Salmonella are often found in what 3 products, which therefore undergo routine pasteurization?

A

Milk, Beer, Cider

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13
Q

How good is a N95 mask at filtering out particles with diameters > 3 micrometers?

A

95% efficient

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14
Q

What is a common physical method, besides radiation, for sterilizing heat-sensitive solutions?

A

Filtration

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15
Q

What is a common physical method for sterilizing disposable medical and dental supplies?

A

Ionizing Radiation

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16
Q

RBCs are often treated by what method in order to prevent leukocyte replication and graft-versus-host disease?

A

Ionizing Radiation

17
Q

Which of the following chemical agents are antiseptics (used on living tissue/skin)? Alcohols, Chlorohexidine, Gluteraldehyde, Iodophors, Phenols, Phenolic Derivatives, Halogens, Heavy Metals, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, and Ethylene Oxide

A

Alcohol, Chlorohexidine, Iodophors, Heavy Metals, and Phenolic Derivatives

18
Q

How do iodophores compare to iodine in terms of release time and skin irritation?

A

Iodophores have longer release times and are less irritating

19
Q

Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are more efficient than hand washing for most microorganisms except what?

A

C. difficile

20
Q

What two chemicals have mostly replaced formaldehyde for gas sterilization without heat?

A

Ethylene oxide and propylene oxide

21
Q

What is the only liquid chemical sterilant (can kill spores, used for hospital instruments)?

A

Gluteraldehyde / Cidex

22
Q

What are the chemical agents hexachlorophene (pHisoHex) and chlohexidine used for?

A

Disinfection of skin (ex. reduce Staph aureus load) and mucous membranes

23
Q

Why are phenols, an intermediate-low level disinfectant, rarely used anymore?

A

They irritate the skin and smell bad

24
Q

What low-level disinfectant is both a detergent and germicidal, and therefore used for general surface decontamination?

A

Quaternary ammonium compounds

25
Q

How are halogens like chlorine, hypochlorous acid, and bleach most often used?

A

Surfaces and water decontamination

26
Q

What 2 chemical compounds are widely used to clean both living tissue and inanimate objects?

A

Alcohols and hydrogen peroxide

27
Q

What is the highest level of cleaning that can be achieved with hydrogen peroxide?

A

Sterilization: a strong solution of hydrogen peroxide can be sporicidal

28
Q

What chemical compound, made by combining hydrogen peroxide with acetic acid, is used to kill Legionella in cooling water towers?

A

Peracetic Acid (PAA)

29
Q

How does plasma sterilization make free radicals, and what end products are left over after sterilization?

A

Uses UV or microwave light; only water is produced.

30
Q

Plasma sterilization is: wet/dry and high heat/low heat

A

dry, low heat

31
Q

What kinds of compounds act by destroying the SH groups of microbes?

A

Heavy metals (silver, copper) and organic acids

32
Q

Derivatives of what chemical class are found in Colgate Total and Listerine?

A

Quaternary ammonium compounds

33
Q

What term describes an item that enters a normally sterile part of the human body?

A

Critical item

34
Q

What term describes an item that only comes into contact with intact skin?

A

Noncritical item

35
Q

What type of cleaner is iodine: a sterilant, disinfectant, or antiseptic?

A

Antiseptic

36
Q

Which is least resistant to disinfectants: fungi, spores, or prions?

A

Fungi

Unit 1: Micro (16 decks)

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