Bacteria Structure and Function 2 Flashcards
Since bacterial flagelli are NOT WHIPLIKE, how would you describe their motion?
Corkscrew-like rotation
How are bacterial vs. eukaryotic flagella powered?
Bacteria use an electron gradient; eukaryotes use ATP
More than 50% of antibiotics attack what part of a bacteria?
Its ribosome (because its 70S while eukaryotic ribosome are 80S)
What category of antibiotics interferes with the initiation and accuracy of bacterial translation by attacking the small ribosomal subunit?
Aminoglycosides
What category of antibiotics inhibits the transfer of tRNA+aa to the small ribosomal subunit of a bacterium?
Tetracyclines
What category of antibiotics interferes with the elongation stage of bacterial translation of attacking the large ribosomal subunit?
Macrolides
Bacteria like Bacillus and Clostridium can survive extreme environmental conditions is by assuming a dormant form known as…
spores or endospores (same thing)
Which of the following methods can kill bacterial spores: boiling, high-pressure steam, detergents, antiseptics, ethylene oxide, antibiotics
Only high-pressure steam or ethylene oxide (both forms of autoclaving)
In spore-forming bacteria, what environmental change triggers the transformation between spore and vegetative forms?
Nutrient and water availability
What term describes the active, non-spore bacteria?
Vegetative
Name the 4 phases of bacterial growth in a test tube.
Lag phase - Log phase - Stationary phase - Death phase
During which phase of bacterial growth is exponential growth occurring?
The log phase
During which phase of bacterial growth is the culture very cloudy as growth rate slows to match the death rate?
The stationary phase
What term describes bacteria that need oxygen in order to generate ATP?
Obligate aerobes
What term describes bacteria that rely on fermentation to generate ATP and cannot grow or may die in the presence of oxygen?
Obligate anaerobes
