Intro & Immunology Review

Question 1

The lack of which complement pathway leads to more serious infections: classical or alternative?

Answer 1

The alternative pathway

Question 2

Which complement component is most important for opsonization?

Answer 2

C3b

Question 3

Which complement component is a PMN chemoattractant and inflammation mediator?

Answer 3

C5a

Question 4

Which complement components are involved in forming the Membrane Attack Complex?

Answer 4

C5b-C9

Question 5

TB, Listeria, leprosy, and Salmonella are all examples of pathogens that reside where in the body?

Answer 5

Inside of phagocytes

Question 6

What three molecules must be presented together to stimulate a CD4 helper T cell?

Answer 6

MHC class II w/ antigen and B7 co-stimulatory molecule

Question 7

With what 2 cellular components does LPS toxin interact?

Answer 7

Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR-4) and CD14

Question 8

Which immunoglobulin is present in mucous secretions?

Answer 8

IgA

Question 9

Which immunoglobulin can cross the placenta?

Answer 9

IgG

Question 10

Which immunoglobulin is the most primitive?

Answer 10

IgM

Question 11

Which immunoglobulin is most involved in allergic reactions?

Answer 11

IgE

Question 12

What cell is involved in allergies and parasite defense?

Answer 12

Mast cells

Question 13

Does a secondary immune response have more IgM or more IgG compared to the primary response?

Answer 13

More IgG

Question 14

Is a shorter lag time and higher affinity associated with a primary or secondary immune response?

Answer 14

Secondary response

Question 15

T-cell activation occurs via what signal transduction complex?

Answer 15

CD3

Question 16

While B-cell heavy chains and T-cell beta chains have V, J, and D domains, B-cell light chains and T-cell alpha chains only have which two variable domains?

Answer 16

B light chains and T alpha chains only have V and J domains - no D.

Question 17

T cells leave bone marrow to mature in what organ?

Answer 17

The thymus

Question 18

MHC Class I molecules are expressed on which cells of the body?

Answer 18

All nucleated cells

Question 19

MHC Class II molecules are expressed on which cells of the body?

Answer 19

Antigen presenting cells (macrophages, B cells, dendritic cells, Langerhans cells)

Question 20

MCH Class I molecules are recognized by which kind of T-cells?

Answer 20

CD8 cytotoxic T-cells

Question 21

MCH Class II molecules are recognized by which kind of T-cells?

Answer 21

CD4 helper T-cells

Question 22

Somatic hypermutation only occurs in which kind of immune cells?

Answer 22

B cells

Question 23

Cytokines from what kind of cell are involved in B cell differentiation, memory, and class switching?

Answer 23

TH2 cytokines

Question 24

IL-2 and INF-gamma are mainly made by what kind of cells?

Answer 24

TH1 helper T cells

Question 25

IL-1 and TNF-alpha are mainly made by what kind of cells?

Answer 25

Macrophages

Question 26

TH1 helper T cells stimulate what 3 other kinds of cells?

Answer 26

Macrophages, CD8 cytotoxic T cells, and Natural Killer T cells

Question 27

IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 are mainly made by what kind of cells?

Answer 27

TH2 helper T cells

Question 28

Which cell is mainly in charge of killing virus infected cells?

Answer 28

CD8 cytotoxic T cells

Question 29

An antigen that enters a cell by phagocytosis (and presumably does not enter the cytoplasm) will be presented by what molecule on the cell surface?

Answer 29

MHC Class II (for exogenous molecules)

Question 30

Antigens that can directly stimulate B cells via Toll-Like Receptors (without help of T cells) are called:

Answer 30

T-Independent antigens

Question 31

Why have cholera and childbirth fever declined in recent history?

Answer 31

Better sanitation / Cleaner living conditions

Question 32

Why have rheumatic fever and plague declined in recent history?

Answer 32

Unknown causes

Question 33

Why have syphilis and scarlet fever become less severe in recent history?

Answer 33

Unknown causes

Question 34

Why have smallpox, diphtheria, and polio declined in recent history?

Answer 34

Vaccines

Question 35

Name up to 6 new infections that have been identified since 1960.

Answer 35

Hepatitis B, Legionnaires, Lyme disease, AIDS, Toxic shock syndrome, SARS

Question 36

Name two conditions that have been recently redefined as infections.

Answer 36

Stomach ulcers and cervical cancer