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Unit 1: Micro > Intro & Immunology Review > Flashcards

Intro & Immunology Review Flashcards

1
Q

The lack of which complement pathway leads to more serious infections: classical or alternative?

A

The alternative pathway

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2
Q

Which complement component is most important for opsonization?

A

C3b

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3
Q

Which complement component is a PMN chemoattractant and inflammation mediator?

A

C5a

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4
Q

Which complement components are involved in forming the Membrane Attack Complex?

A

C5b-C9

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5
Q

TB, Listeria, leprosy, and Salmonella are all examples of pathogens that reside where in the body?

A

Inside of phagocytes

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6
Q

What three molecules must be presented together to stimulate a CD4 helper T cell?

A

MHC class II w/ antigen and B7 co-stimulatory molecule

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7
Q

With what 2 cellular components does LPS toxin interact?

A

Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR-4) and CD14

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8
Q

Which immunoglobulin is present in mucous secretions?

A

IgA

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9
Q

Which immunoglobulin can cross the placenta?

A

IgG

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10
Q

Which immunoglobulin is the most primitive?

A

IgM

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11
Q

Which immunoglobulin is most involved in allergic reactions?

A

IgE

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12
Q

What cell is involved in allergies and parasite defense?

A

Mast cells

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13
Q

Does a secondary immune response have more IgM or more IgG compared to the primary response?

A

More IgG

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14
Q

Is a shorter lag time and higher affinity associated with a primary or secondary immune response?

A

Secondary response

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15
Q

T-cell activation occurs via what signal transduction complex?

A

CD3

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16
Q

While B-cell heavy chains and T-cell beta chains have V, J, and D domains, B-cell light chains and T-cell alpha chains only have which two variable domains?

A

B light chains and T alpha chains only have V and J domains - no D.

17
Q

T cells leave bone marrow to mature in what organ?

A

The thymus

18
Q

MHC Class I molecules are expressed on which cells of the body?

A

All nucleated cells

19
Q

MHC Class II molecules are expressed on which cells of the body?

A

Antigen presenting cells (macrophages, B cells, dendritic cells, Langerhans cells)

20
Q

MCH Class I molecules are recognized by which kind of T-cells?

A

CD8 cytotoxic T-cells

21
Q

MCH Class II molecules are recognized by which kind of T-cells?

A

CD4 helper T-cells

22
Q

Somatic hypermutation only occurs in which kind of immune cells?

A

B cells

23
Q

Cytokines from what kind of cell are involved in B cell differentiation, memory, and class switching?

A

TH2 cytokines

24
Q

IL-2 and INF-gamma are mainly made by what kind of cells?

A

TH1 helper T cells

25
Q

IL-1 and TNF-alpha are mainly made by what kind of cells?

A

Macrophages

26
Q

TH1 helper T cells stimulate what 3 other kinds of cells?

A

Macrophages, CD8 cytotoxic T cells, and Natural Killer T cells

27
Q

IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 are mainly made by what kind of cells?

A

TH2 helper T cells

28
Q

Which cell is mainly in charge of killing virus infected cells?

A

CD8 cytotoxic T cells

29
Q

An antigen that enters a cell by phagocytosis (and presumably does not enter the cytoplasm) will be presented by what molecule on the cell surface?

A

MHC Class II (for exogenous molecules)

30
Q

Antigens that can directly stimulate B cells via Toll-Like Receptors (without help of T cells) are called:

A

T-Independent antigens

31
Q

Why have cholera and childbirth fever declined in recent history?

A

Better sanitation / Cleaner living conditions

32
Q

Why have rheumatic fever and plague declined in recent history?

A

Unknown causes

33
Q

Why have syphilis and scarlet fever become less severe in recent history?

A

Unknown causes

34
Q

Why have smallpox, diphtheria, and polio declined in recent history?

A

Vaccines

35
Q

Name up to 6 new infections that have been identified since 1960.

A

Hepatitis B, Legionnaires, Lyme disease, AIDS, Toxic shock syndrome, SARS

36
Q

Name two conditions that have been recently redefined as infections.

A

Stomach ulcers and cervical cancer

Unit 1: Micro (16 decks)

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