Stereotypes key terms

Question 1

fuzzy sets

Answer 1

categories are considered as fuzzy sets of features organised around a prototype

Question 2

Prototype

Answer 2

Cognitive representation of the typical defining features of a category

Question 3

Family resemblance

Answer 3

A defining property of category membership

Question 4

Exemplars

Answer 4

Specific instances of a member of a category

Question 5

Associative networks

Answer 5

Model of memory where ideas are connected by associative links along which cognitive activation can spread

Question 6

Accentuation principle

Answer 6

Categorisation accentuations perceived similarities and differences between groups that people believe are correlated

Question 7

Self-identity theory

Answer 7

Theory of group membership based on self-categorisation, social comparison and the construction of shared self-definition in terms of ingroup defining properties

Question 8

Self-categorisation theory

Answer 8

Theory of how the process of categorising yourself as a group member produces social identity and group and intergroup behaviours

Question 9

Illusory correlation

Answer 9

Cognitive exaggeration of the degree of co-occurrence of two stimuli or the perception of where a co-occurrence where none exists

Question 10

Associative meaning

Answer 10

Illusory correlation where items are seen as belonging together because they should based on prior expectations

Question 11

Paired distinctiveness

Answer 11

Illusory correlation where items are seen as belonging together because they share an unusual feature

Question 12

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 12

Expectation and assumptions about a person that influence our interaction with them and eventually change their behaviour in line with our expectations