Stereotypes Flashcards

Question

4 levels of linguistic abstraction

Answer 1

goes from specific --> abstract Descriptive action Interpretive action State verb Adjective

Answer 2

specific, descriptive 'Beavis hit Butthead'

Answer 3

slightly more abstract - refers to a whole class of actions 'Beavis hurt Butthead'

Answer 4

more abstract - makes inference about their internal state 'Beavis hates Butthead'

Answer 5

most abstract = adjectives instead of verbs - does not refer to situation or observation at all - makes assumptions bout what kind of person they are and assume that they are likely to behave in this way in other situations 'Beavis is aggresive'

Answer 6

how we use abstract language to describe people actions depending on: - whether they are or are not members of our group and - whether the behaviour being described is positive or negative

Answer 7

Maas 1989 Task: describe cartoon scenes Examined how abstract the language used was Cartoons were: Either in-group (their team) or out-group (competing team members) Either depicting someone showing desirable behaviour - e.g., stopping to help a member of another team during the race Or Undesirable behaviour e.g., drugging the horse of another team Then asked: What is the best verbal way to describe what is happening in the picture ? Given 4 options to choose from which correspond with the 4 levels of abstraction Do people prefer more or less abstract language when describing their in groups/outgroup actions and desirable/undesirable actions?

Answer 8

In-group: More abstract when describing desirable actions e.g. stops to help = noble and kind person Less abstract when describing undesirable e.g., drugs horse = drugs horse Out-group Less abstract when describing desirable e.g., stopped and helped = stopped and helped More abstract when describing undesirable e.g., drug horse = a fraud, deceitful

Answer 9

Descriptions were read to another set of participants asked them how much info does this reveal? AND how likely are they to repeat this behaviour? The more abstract = the more information we receive about the person being described The more abstract = the more likely we are to conclude that the behaviour will be repeated

Answer 10

because we make negative outgroup action so abstract --> we create negative generalisations about out groups that over time become negative stereotypes (and positive generalisations about ingroups that over time become positive stereotypes) language abstraction is a vehicle through which stereotypes get propagated subtle and implicit process

Answer 11

a drop in performance that happens when people become aware about negative stereotypes of their group in a relevant domain

Answer 12

Members of any group can be vulnerable to stereotype threat as long as there is another salient group that is expected to perform better

Answer 13

you know there is a negative stereotype about your group you believe this is inaccurate you want to change it via your own performance you become nervous/anxious about you performance in case you accidentally strengthen the negative perception of your group performing well is HIGH STAKES some of your cognitive capacity is taken up by this worry attention to the task drops performance in the task drops

Answer 14

Steele 1995 examined performance on an intellectual ability task among black and white ps people were either actively reminded of their ethnic group membership or not it becomes salient AND they may remember stereotypes associated with their group when reminded: Black p’s performed significantly less well When not reminded: No significant difference

Answer 15

Steele 1999 All had comparable level of maths ability asked to take a maths test and told it diagnoses gender differences or assured it is not going to Female performance significantly drops when told testing for gender differences No differences when its not testing gender differences

Answer 16

Physical stress: when reminded - impairs brain functioning Self-monitoring: pay attention to how well we are doing constantly - detracts attention from task Thought suppression: can be upsetting - people spend time suppressing negative thoughts - takes more energy and effort All 3 processes undermine functioning

Answer 17

when reminded - impairs brain functioning

Answer 18

pay attention to how well we are doing constantly - detracts attention from task

Answer 19

Affirming the self in another way: - what is valuable and successful about me? Distancing from aspects of the stereotype that are incompatible with high performance: - has nothing to do with you individually or with your individual ability - no power to effect you Transforming negative aspects into positive aspect: - given rise to strength and resilience that others have not had the chance to acquire - reframe them into strengths

Answer 20

can be upsetting - people spend time suppressing negative thoughts - takes more energy and effort

Answer 21

Aronson 2002 intervention focused on whether people perceive intelligence as malleable Ethnic minorities told to write a letter of encouragement to a younger student struggling Pen Pal – Growth Mindset in letter Pen Pal – Control No Pen Pal - Control growth mindset people: - really took the ideas on board both short and long term - Enjoyed academics more - Academic study was more important to them - Perceived stereotype threat did not change - thoughts about self does not change societies views - Academic performance/GPA - higher

Answer 22

our abilities are expandable, can be developed over time and improved - not set ability, if we put in time we can improve

Stereotypes Flashcards

(47 cards)