STEPS TO CIVIL WAR Flashcards
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59BC Caesar’s career was illegal
Because of this Optimates wanted to recall him and convict him
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Caesar was a governor in Gaul
Roman Law means you cannot convict a magistrate. Only when they are private citizens
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It was coming up to Caesars end of his governorship in Gaul
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Caesar through Curio a tribune in the Senate. proposes that Pompey and Caesar both have to disband their armies. This was because he if worse came to worse didn’t want pompey to be more powerful than him. Also he would blame Pompey and say he was involved in illegal stuff aswell.
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There was a vote. 370 to 22.
22 were optimates
They didn’t want Pompey to disband. They could control him and thus needed him to have more power against Caesar
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Both Caesar and Pompey with their populares views and egoism. Both refused to give up armies. Did not want to be equal
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Caesar with the fear that he will be prosecuted marches across Rubicon with loyal army
1.
Caesar want to campaign inabsentia for consul
Also wants promise that after consul he will be given a province
This all meant that he will not be prosecuted as a private citizen
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Marcellus and optimates want to recall him
Caesars reasons for crossing Rubicon or excuses
Excuse: To protect the rights of the Tribunes and them being driven out of Rome
Reason: Fear of Prosecution and to gain greater power. Wanted to be dictator.
Caesars view on civil war
Caesar did march across the Rubicon. However he did not want a war. He thought that his enemies will surrender and would become consul not dictator. Caesar could too except compromise of Curio but again we see populares views
Pompeys view on civil war
Pompey too thought that Caesar would surrender. He could have excepted Curios compromise but did not as did not want to be equal with Caesar. Bad decision
Optimates view on civil war
22 Optimates wanted to fully crush Caesar. Only way to do so was with war.
Refused Curios compromise as needed Pompeys army
Most of the other senators did not want war. wanted peace and compromise
Caesars dictatorship
named himself dictator from 49 to 44
44BC extended his dictatorship for life
He was over power of veto and so could command whole senate and people
Caesar consul
Did still call himself consul.
shows him adhering to the cursus Honorum and republic. Shows that he necessarily did not want to crush republic he wanted power
Caesars rights
speak first in senate nominate all magistracies command armies control public money TYRANT
views of Senators during Dictatorship
The republic was still in place
So anger raised when Caesar dominated all high positions, as theses senators wanted to climb CH and gain power for themselves
Caesar public reform
Building programme which made employment
Provinces and colonisation so made more homes for veterans and poor. Rome less crowded
Passed laws to stop exploitation
Raised pay of army
Hope of conspirators to assassinate Caesar
Republic restored
Tyrant killed
Caesar and Cicero
Shared love for literature
Caesar respected Cicero for his oratorical skills
wanted his help, advice and influence
Asked Cicero to join TV
Cicero refused to join
Sided against Caesar
After war Caesar forgave him
Cicero never showed loyalty and praised his assassinators
Cicero was optimates while Caesar was populares
Caesar and Cato
Caesar and Cato were staunch opposers of each other
Cato and optimates regularly blocked Caesar requests
Cato killed himself did not want to be under Caesars rule
Convinced senate to go to civil war against Caesar
Cato was a stoic. Completely against self minded populares like Caesar
Caesar and Pompey
1st TV
Pompey was first married to Caesar’s daughter, Julia so had strong amicitea
Both populares
Both renowned military men
Both very ambitions and jelous of eachothers success
Fought against eachother in Civil War
