STEPS TO CIVIL WAR

Question 1

3

Answer 1

59BC Caesar’s career was illegal

Because of this Optimates wanted to recall him and convict him

Question 2

4

Answer 2

Caesar was a governor in Gaul

Roman Law means you cannot convict a magistrate. Only when they are private citizens

Question 3

5

Answer 3

It was coming up to Caesars end of his governorship in Gaul

Question 4

6

Answer 4

Caesar through Curio a tribune in the Senate. proposes that Pompey and Caesar both have to disband their armies. This was because he if worse came to worse didn’t want pompey to be more powerful than him. Also he would blame Pompey and say he was involved in illegal stuff aswell.

Question 5

7

Answer 5

There was a vote. 370 to 22.
22 were optimates
They didn’t want Pompey to disband. They could control him and thus needed him to have more power against Caesar

Question 6

8

Answer 6

Both Caesar and Pompey with their populares views and egoism. Both refused to give up armies. Did not want to be equal

Question 7

9

Answer 7

Caesar with the fear that he will be prosecuted marches across Rubicon with loyal army

Question 8

1.

Answer 8

Caesar want to campaign inabsentia for consul
Also wants promise that after consul he will be given a province
This all meant that he will not be prosecuted as a private citizen

Question 9

2.

Answer 9

Marcellus and optimates want to recall him

Question 10

Caesars reasons for crossing Rubicon or excuses

Answer 10

Excuse: To protect the rights of the Tribunes and them being driven out of Rome
Reason: Fear of Prosecution and to gain greater power. Wanted to be dictator.

Question 11

Caesars view on civil war

Answer 11

Caesar did march across the Rubicon. However he did not want a war. He thought that his enemies will surrender and would become consul not dictator. Caesar could too except compromise of Curio but again we see populares views

Question 12

Pompeys view on civil war

Answer 12

Pompey too thought that Caesar would surrender. He could have excepted Curios compromise but did not as did not want to be equal with Caesar. Bad decision

Question 13

Optimates view on civil war

Answer 13

22 Optimates wanted to fully crush Caesar. Only way to do so was with war.
Refused Curios compromise as needed Pompeys army
Most of the other senators did not want war. wanted peace and compromise

Question 14

Caesars dictatorship

Answer 14

named himself dictator from 49 to 44
44BC extended his dictatorship for life
He was over power of veto and so could command whole senate and people

Question 15

Caesar consul

Answer 15

Did still call himself consul.
shows him adhering to the cursus Honorum and republic. Shows that he necessarily did not want to crush republic he wanted power

Question 16

Caesars rights

Answer 16

speak first in senate
nominate all magistracies
command armies
control public money
TYRANT

Question 17

views of Senators during Dictatorship

Answer 17

The republic was still in place
So anger raised when Caesar dominated all high positions, as theses senators wanted to climb CH and gain power for themselves

Question 18

Caesar public reform

Answer 18

Building programme which made employment
Provinces and colonisation so made more homes for veterans and poor. Rome less crowded
Passed laws to stop exploitation
Raised pay of army

Question 19

Hope of conspirators to assassinate Caesar

Answer 19

Republic restored

Tyrant killed

Question 20

Caesar and Cicero

Answer 20

Shared love for literature
Caesar respected Cicero for his oratorical skills
wanted his help, advice and influence
Asked Cicero to join TV
Cicero refused to join
Sided against Caesar
After war Caesar forgave him
Cicero never showed loyalty and praised his assassinators
Cicero was optimates while Caesar was populares

Question 21

Caesar and Cato

Answer 21

Caesar and Cato were staunch opposers of each other
Cato and optimates regularly blocked Caesar requests
Cato killed himself did not want to be under Caesars rule
Convinced senate to go to civil war against Caesar
Cato was a stoic. Completely against self minded populares like Caesar

Question 22

Caesar and Pompey

Answer 22

1st TV
Pompey was first married to Caesar’s daughter, Julia so had strong amicitea
Both populares
Both renowned military men
Both very ambitions and jelous of eachothers success
Fought against eachother in Civil War