Step 1

Question 1

nucleus pop & annulus origin?

Answer 1

mesoderm, pop notochord

Question 2

axis bone fxn?

Answer 2

ring that rotates

Question 3

Atlas bone fxn?

Answer 3

its the tooth/ den that nods

Question 4

How compress vertebral artery?

Answer 4

4 parts. the osteoartheritis osteophytes of transverse foramen cervical veterbrate

Question 5

Herination nuc polpous? spinal segements are usually?

Answer 5

posterior-lateral direction, compress spinal nerves (dorsa or vent rami) below intervetebral foramen**Spinal segments greater vertebrate number.

Question 6

zygapophyseal joint disease or vertebral body displacement or pedicle erosion

Answer 6

Spinal nerve compression

Question 7

pedicles-

Answer 7

intervetebral foramin (sides) exit spinal nerves

Question 8

spinal tap

Answer 8

btw L4 -L5 locate by crest, tap to subarachniod, collect CSF, inter lamina space (btwn spinous and transverse) in back

Question 9

scotty dog-

Answer 9

break dogs neck(laminae) , spinous process face, body lamina, ears and legs supra/infraarticula, tail transverse process

Question 10

dorsal rami-

Answer 10

nn erector spine, true back muscles, back skin only

Question 11

motor neuron vs ANS

Answer 11

1 pathway vs 2 pathway (glands, smc/ involuntary)

Question 12

white communicon

Answer 12

myelin of Symp (pre ganglion axon) takes it to the sump trunk, exists only in T2-L2 only

Question 13

gray communion exit

Answer 13

exit w less myelin (post ganglion axon)

Question 14

symp -ganglion

Answer 14

Cervical (sup, middle, inf (stellate fusion cervical-thoracic)) , preaortic (prevertebral) greater/lesser/ lumbar splanhic, pelvic splanhinc- pelvic organs

Question 15

Caudal nerve block?

Answer 15

@ S2 epidural bc S2 no subarachniod sapce

Question 16

caudal equina/end of spine at?

Answer 16

L1-L2 varies

Question 17

Name of UMN that controls symp?

Answer 17

descending hypothamic-

Question 18

Horner syndrome symptom and cause?

Answer 18

damage ECC/ICC artery or anything on pathway of symp going to HEENT- (ptisosi, anyhdrosis, flush)

Question 19

Sympathetic travel by?

Answer 19

artery or spinal nerve only not cranial nerve

Question 20

Parasym-

Answer 20

3,7,9,10 and S2-4

Question 21

3,7,9,10 and S2-4

Answer 21

cillary gang =>constrictor, (( 7- chord tympani via lingual n (V3) going to submandib gang+> subs, or Vividian going PPG=> all other mucosa paranasal, pharyngeal, nasal, lacrimal)), 9 -lesser petrosal via otic gang=> parotid, solitarus nucleus , -Vagus= ant vs post => forget v midgut

Question 22

Peri/thorcentesis fxn and space?

Answer 22

pleural space to remove fluid (ex blood) , piercing parietal

Question 23

amniocentsis fxn and space?

Answer 23

Spina bifida, (AFP), hyrdoalmonia (ancephaly)

Question 24

Puednal block fxn?

Answer 24

pregnancy at ischiotuberosity

Question 25

Culdoscopy/culdocentesis

Answer 25

pierces post fornix to look @ abdominal cavity pouch of dougla

Question 26

Ant longitudnal ligament disease?

Answer 26

Whiplash injury from hyperextension

Question 27

Which ligaments punctured for spinal tap?

Answer 27

off-midline is the flavum ligament but midline is the supra/infraspinous lig- midline puncture

Question 28

CN7 branches

Answer 28

Motor (face paralysis) , chorda tympany (Submandibular) & vividian(greater petrosal) (PPG), and many other branches

Question 29

improper Abortion-

Answer 29

pierce through pos. fornix to the pouch douglas, introduce infection

Question 30

hysterctomy

Answer 30

remove utreus clamp uterine a be careful bc Ureter under the uterine artery

Question 31

pelvic acistis

Answer 31

pouch of douglas , lowest point of pertinoine cavity in women only

Question 32

Flow of urine in men?

Answer 32

kideny => calyx=>pevlic=> ureter=>bladder => prostatic urethra=> membraneous urethra => bulb of penis => bulb spongios(muscle)n=> corpus spongious (body shaft penis)

Question 33

wall of bladder called and action?

Answer 33

detrusor smc (peristalsis) => release urine(parasymp, sacral)

Question 34

internal spinchter

Answer 34

contract/closes (symp, lumbar?)

Question 35

external spinster. Both spincters between what part of male urethra

Answer 35

somatic pudendal . prosattic urethra

Question 36

ejacuclation

Answer 36

sYMPATHETIC, contraction of semin

Question 37

Flow of semin. Most semin=

Answer 37

epipidymiss-> vas deferens-> seminvesicles-> ejaculatory duct (prostate)=> prostatic urethra
Most semin= seminal vesicles and prostate ejaculator

Question 38

extravesation of urine

Answer 38

superfical. perineal space continuous scrotum, shaft penis, ant. abdominal wall btwn. Scarpa’s fascia and external oblique layer