Ab 2

Question 1

Retroperitoneal

Answer 1

Pancreas, 2nd, 3rd & 4th parts of the duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum, kidneys, suprarenal glands, bladder and structures related to reproduction, esophagus

Question 2

Intraperitoneal

Answer 2

Liver, spleen, stomach, 1st part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, vermiform appendix, transverse colon & sigmoid colon.

Question 3

Foregut innervation

Blood supply

Answer 3

nnervation primarily- greater splanchnic (T5-T9 sympathetics) and the anterior vagal trunk (CN X parasympathetics) nerves.
Blood supply- Celiac trunk- foregut and spleen

Question 4

supracolic compartment

Answer 4

contains the stomach, liver & spleen.region one would place their hand after opening the anterior abdominal wall.

Question 5

infracolic compartment

Answer 5

contains the small intestine, ascending & descending colons. It divides into a left & right side by the root of the mesentery (of the small intestine).

Question 6

lesser sac (omental bursa) 
opening is called?

Answer 6

small space between the posterior stomach and anterior pancreas.
epiploic (omental) foramen or foramen of Winslow is the entrance into the lesser sac.

Question 7

Esophagus

muscle composition

Answer 7

3 regions-
cervical, thoracic & abdominal ( C6 - T11) (~10 inches in length).
superior 1/3 striated muscle/ skeletal,
middle 1/3 is both skeletal and smooth, and the inferior 1/3 is mainly smooth muscle.

Question 8

3 areas of constriction, esophagus?

Answer 8

1. )Upper (pharyngoesophageal) (C6), related to the cricopharyngeus muscle , inferior thyroid artery (subclavian)
   
   2. ) Middle (aortobronchial) (T4/T5) near the carina, esophageal & bronchial arteries (thoracic aorta)
   3. ) Lower (diaphragmatic) (T10) left gastric (celiac trunk) & left inferior phrenic (abdominal aorta)

Question 9

Espohagus Innervation?

Answer 9

esophageal plexus sympathetics (blood vessels)
esophageal plexus parasympathetics (mucosal glands & smooth muscle)
Branchiomotor (BM) fibers( skeletal muscle) (via CN X – recurrent laryngeal nerve branches)

Question 10

Espohagus Lymphatic drainage:
•

Answer 10

Cervical region: paratracheal & inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

Thoracic region: jugular & bronchomediastinal trunks along with superior diaphragmatic lymph nodes

Abdominal region: left gastric lymph nodes which then drain into the celiac lymph nodes

Question 11

Espohagus hiatus @ level?

esophagus ends @ esophagogastric junction (vertebral level)?

Answer 11

Espohagus hiatus @T10 contains anterior and posterior vagal (vagus nerve, CN X) trunks

esophagus ends @ esophagogastric junction (vertebral level T11)

Question 12

pyloric valve? body of the stomach?

Answer 12

T11, L1. body of the stomach varies the most.

Question 13

Dududenum levels and fxns?

Answer 13

Superior (1st) portion (duodenal cap or ampulla)-@ L1 -suspended by the hepatoduodenal ligament which makes it intraperitoneal.

• Descending (2nd) portion @ L2- L3. The bile duct and main pancreatic ducts drain here via the hepatopancreatic ampulla (of Vater)

-duodenum (along with the 3rd and 4th) lie posterior to the parietal peritoneum making them retroperitoneal

Question 14

portal vein level? made up of?

Answer 14

portal vein (70-80%) @ L1 , formed by the superior mesenteric & splenic veins
       -inferior mesenteric vein on occasion will also help form the portal vein but most of the time it drains into the splenic vein.

Question 15

Liver levels?

Rib space?

Answer 15

liver is from ~T7 to L2/L3 (primarily on the right side). It can reach as high as the 4th intercostal space.

Question 16

gallbladder levels?

Answer 16

@ L1

Question 17

pancreas on levels?

Answer 17

IVC, right renal artery/vein, left renal vein @ L1/L2.

Question 18

spleen levels?

intrapertinoneal except?

Answer 18

largest lymphatic organ btwn 9th-11th ribs (@T10-L1).varies considerably in size generally the size of a clenched fist,
Intrapertinoneal (except @ hilum where splenic artery/vein, tail of the pancreas close w hilum.