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Botany Lecture > Stems > Flashcards

Stems Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the stems originate?

A

Epicotyl

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2
Q

Epicotyl is the continuation of ____

A

Hypocotyl

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3
Q

Give the at least 3 functions of Stem

A
  • Produces & support appendages
    of plant (leaves, flowers, fruits)
  • transport water and solutes
    between roots and leaves.
  • Stems in some plants are
    photosynthetic.
  • Produce & store materials
    necessary for life (e.g., water,
    starch, sugar).
  • In some plants, stems have
    become adapted for specialized
    functions.
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4
Q

The stem does photosynthesis and stores water. True or False?

A

True

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5
Q

The stem supports a display of flowers. True or false?

A

True

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6
Q

Stems support a display of
leaves. True or false?

A

True

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7
Q

Stems support a display of
leaves. True or false?

A

True

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8
Q

Stems orient the leaves
toward the light with maximum
overlap among the leaves. True or False?

A

False. Minimal overlap.

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9
Q

The area or region where leaves are attached

A

Node

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10
Q

the area or region between nodes

A

Internode

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11
Q

occurs in the angle between the petiole & the stem

A

Bud

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12
Q

scars that mark the location of the water-
conducting tissues located within the leaf scars

A

Bundle Scars

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13
Q

dark spots or elevations that allow gas exchange in the
stem

A

Lenticels

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14
Q

refers to the
suppression of growth by hormones
produced in the apical meristem.

A

Apical dominance

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15
Q

The study of the growth rings in wood

A

Dendrochronology

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16
Q

fleshy
horizontal stems that
grow below the
ground with
adventitious roots

For asexual
reproduction &food
storage

A

Rhizomes

17
Q

horizontal stem
that grow underground
(subterranean) with long
internodes

A

Stolons

18
Q

resemble stolon
but sub-aerial
* For asexual reproduction

A

Runners

19
Q

swollen
regions of stems
(stolon) that store
food for subsequent
growth

A

Tubers

20
Q

What are the “eyes” of the potato actually are?

A

Nodes

21
Q

window, reduce water loss

A

Epidermis

22
Q

extensible support

A

Cortex Collenchyma

23
Q

ground tissue for photosynthesis

A

Cortex parenchyma

24
Q

For rigid support

A

Fibers

25
Q

conduct sugars etc. away
from leaf to rest of plant

A

Functional Phloem

26
Q

adds 2° xylem and 2° phloem

A

Vascular Cambium

27
Q

conduct water and minerals
up from soil

A

Xylem

28
Q

Water storage and defense

A

Pith

29
Q

Remnants of the procambium

A

Intrafasicular cambium
Interfasicular cambium

30
Q

Like runners, originates in the
axil of a leaf as a short, more
or less thickened horizontal
branch
 Elongates to a certain extent &
produces at the apex a tuft of
leaves & a cluster of small
roots below
 For asexual reproduction

A

Offset

31
Q

resemble
bulbs but composed
entirely of stem tissue
surrounded by a few
papery scale like
leaves, food storage
organs with
adventitious roots at
the base of corms

A

Corms

32
Q

large buds
with a small stem at
the lower end
surrounded by
numerous fleshy
leaves that store
nutrients; adventitious
roots at base

A

Bulbs

33
Q

Like stolon, a lateral
branch developing from
the underground part of a
stem
Grows upward & gives
rise to a leafy shoot or a
new plant

A

Sucker

34
Q

for protection from grazing
animals

A

Thorns

35
Q

Succulent stems –
flat, stout fleshy
stems that are
modified for water
and food storage

A

Phylloclade

36
Q

powered by transpiration* of water from
the leaves

A

Root pressure

37
Q

water is
pulled up from the roots due to adhesion of water to the xylem
walls & tension generated by the water-potential gradient bet.
leaves & xylem

A

Transpiration pull and water cohesion

38
Q

Transport of organic substances like sugar takes
place in the phloem

A

Translocation

39
Q

nutrient-rich fluid in the phloem moves from
areas of high solute concentration & water
pressure to areas of low solute concentration &
water pressure

A

Conduction of Materials by Phloem

Botany Lecture (5 decks)

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