Stems Flashcards
Where does the stems originate?
Epicotyl
Epicotyl is the continuation of ____
Hypocotyl
Give the at least 3 functions of Stem
- Produces & support appendages
of plant (leaves, flowers, fruits) - transport water and solutes
between roots and leaves. - Stems in some plants are
photosynthetic. - Produce & store materials
necessary for life (e.g., water,
starch, sugar). - In some plants, stems have
become adapted for specialized
functions.
The stem does photosynthesis and stores water. True or False?
True
The stem supports a display of flowers. True or false?
True
Stems support a display of
leaves. True or false?
True
Stems support a display of
leaves. True or false?
True
Stems orient the leaves
toward the light with maximum
overlap among the leaves. True or False?
False. Minimal overlap.
The area or region where leaves are attached
Node
the area or region between nodes
Internode
occurs in the angle between the petiole & the stem
Bud
scars that mark the location of the water-
conducting tissues located within the leaf scars
Bundle Scars
dark spots or elevations that allow gas exchange in the
stem
Lenticels
refers to the
suppression of growth by hormones
produced in the apical meristem.
Apical dominance
The study of the growth rings in wood
Dendrochronology
fleshy
horizontal stems that
grow below the
ground with
adventitious roots
For asexual
reproduction &food
storage
Rhizomes
horizontal stem
that grow underground
(subterranean) with long
internodes
Stolons
resemble stolon
but sub-aerial
* For asexual reproduction
Runners
swollen
regions of stems
(stolon) that store
food for subsequent
growth
Tubers
What are the “eyes” of the potato actually are?
Nodes
window, reduce water loss
Epidermis
extensible support
Cortex Collenchyma
ground tissue for photosynthesis
Cortex parenchyma
For rigid support
Fibers
conduct sugars etc. away
from leaf to rest of plant
Functional Phloem
adds 2° xylem and 2° phloem
Vascular Cambium
conduct water and minerals
up from soil
Xylem
Water storage and defense
Pith
Remnants of the procambium
Intrafasicular cambium
Interfasicular cambium
Like runners, originates in the
axil of a leaf as a short, more
or less thickened horizontal
branch
Elongates to a certain extent &
produces at the apex a tuft of
leaves & a cluster of small
roots below
For asexual reproduction
Offset
resemble
bulbs but composed
entirely of stem tissue
surrounded by a few
papery scale like
leaves, food storage
organs with
adventitious roots at
the base of corms
Corms
large buds
with a small stem at
the lower end
surrounded by
numerous fleshy
leaves that store
nutrients; adventitious
roots at base
Bulbs
Like stolon, a lateral
branch developing from
the underground part of a
stem
Grows upward & gives
rise to a leafy shoot or a
new plant
Sucker
for protection from grazing
animals
Thorns
Succulent stems –
flat, stout fleshy
stems that are
modified for water
and food storage
Phylloclade
powered by transpiration* of water from
the leaves
Root pressure
water is
pulled up from the roots due to adhesion of water to the xylem
walls & tension generated by the water-potential gradient bet.
leaves & xylem
Transpiration pull and water cohesion
Transport of organic substances like sugar takes
place in the phloem
Translocation
nutrient-rich fluid in the phloem moves from
areas of high solute concentration & water
pressure to areas of low solute concentration &
water pressure
Conduction of Materials by Phloem
