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Botany Lecture > Roots > Flashcards

Roots Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the root originate?

A

Embryonic root or Radicle

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2
Q

Give at least 3 functions of Roots

A

Absorption of water and dissolved
minerals
Anchorage
Food storage
Transport of materials to and from the
shoot
specialized functions: photosynthesis &
vegetative reproduction, etc.

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3
Q

A root with a well-developed Primary root.

A

Taproot

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4
Q

Also called Branch roots

A

Lateral roots

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5
Q

Taproot is mostly found where?

A

Dicots

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6
Q

give the main function of a taproot

A

To maximize support and storage

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7
Q

numerous
long & slender lateral
roots of about the
same size & no
dominant primary
root

A

Fibrous roots

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8
Q

Fibrous roots are mostly found where?

A

Monocots

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9
Q

Main function of fibrous roots

A

Maximize absorption

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10
Q

roots that
form on organs other
than roots (or other than
the radicle)

A

Adventitious

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11
Q

where are adventitious mostly commonly occur?

A

rhizomes of
ferns, club mosses &
horsetails; in corn
(support)

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12
Q

Main function of an adventitious roots

A

primary means of
vegetative reproduction

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13
Q

This covers the root tip and senses environmental stimuli

A

Root cap

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14
Q

what does root cap produces?

A

Mucigel

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15
Q

composed of inactive cells
- organizes patterns of primary growth & replaces damaged cells
of the adjacent meristem

A

Quiescent center

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16
Q

give 3 zones of subapical region

A

Zone of Cellular Division/Meristematic
Region
* Zone of cellular elongation
* Zone of cellular maturation/
differentiation

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17
Q

Zone of actively dividing cell

A

Zone of Cellular
Division/Meristematic
Region

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18
Q

How often does the apical meristem cell divides per day?

A

once or twice

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19
Q

transitional meristems arise from the tips of ___ and ___

A

roots and shoots

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20
Q

forms the epidermis

A

Protoderm

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21
Q

forms the ground tissue

A

Ground meristem

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22
Q

forms the primary phloem and xylem

A

Procambium

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23
Q

larger, elongated cells w/
less defined nucleus but w/
prominent vacuole

A

Zone of cellular elongation

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24
Q

central
conductive core

A

Stele

25
Q

takes place
where vascular elements
begin to form a Stele

A

Zone of cellular
maturation/
differentiation

26
Q

____develop as
protuberances from
epidermal cells

A

Root

27
Q

____exists on root but
not on root hairs

A

Cuticle

28
Q

lateral
Extensions of root
Absorb water and
nutrients from soil

A

Root Hairs

29
Q

Diverts water & dissolved minerals into the cytoplasm of endodermal cells

A

Casparian strip

30
Q

cells packed tightly; lined with lignin & suberin

A

Endodermis

31
Q

3 layers of Cortex

A

Hypodermis
Storage parenchyma cells
Endodermis

32
Q

outermost layer of cells forming the initial covering on a root

A

Epidermis

33
Q

ground tissue that surrounds the vascular cylinder or stele

A

Cortex

34
Q

produces
branched roots (secondary or
lateral roots)

A

Pericycle

35
Q

Pith of dicots are filled with?

A

Solid core of Xylem

36
Q

Pith of monocots are filled with

A

Parenchymatous Pith

37
Q

Monocot roots exhibit what type of stele?

A

Siphonostele

38
Q

Dicot roots exhibit what type of stele?

A

Protostele

39
Q

Number of protoxylem in Monocots?

A

More than 10 ( Polyarch)

40
Q

Number of protoxylem in dicots?

A

2- 5 ( Di, tri, tetra, pentarchs)

41
Q

Where does lateral roots arise from?

A

Pericycle

42
Q

adventitious roots found above the
ground (eg. Corn, poison ivy)

A

Prop roots

43
Q

enlarged primary or
secondary roots that stores food

A

Food storage roots

44
Q

absorb moisture from the
atmosphere & also undergo photosynthesis
(eg. Black mangrove, vanilla orchid,
Philodendron)

A

Aerial Roots

45
Q

large or plantlike roots at the
base of some tropical trees; help stabilize &
support trees

A

Buttress Roots

46
Q

involved in asexual
reproduction

A

Vegetative roots

47
Q

roots w/
localized swellings in
response to infection by
nitrogen fixing bacterium

A

Noduled roots

48
Q

nitrogen fixing bacterium

A

Rhizobium

49
Q

fungus roots”

A

Mycorrhizae

50
Q

provides protection against pathogens and increase surface area for the absorption of essential nutrients

A

fungus

51
Q

provides food for the fungus in the form of sugar and amino acids

A

Plants

52
Q

where a symbiotic relationship forms between a plant and a fungus.

A

Fungus roots

53
Q

for movement by
pulling a plant into the more stable
environment of deeper soil

A

Contractile roots

54
Q

attraction of water to cellulose microfibrils
causing them to move apart & the cell walls to swell

A

Imbibition

55
Q

How does material pass through roots?

A

root hairs cortex endodermis pericycle xylem

56
Q

Storage of food occurs in__

A

in cortex (chiefly)
in parenchyma of stele (lesser extent)

57
Q

Growth occurs in ___

A

length - tips of roots
diameter- cambium bet xylem & phloem

58
Q

How does root conducts absorption

A

Osmosis
Imbibition
Diffusion of solutes
active absorption

Botany Lecture (5 decks)

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