Stem Cells - In-depth Flashcards

1
Q

Stem cell

A

cells that have:
- the ability to divide and
- produce different types of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many types of stem cells do animals have

A

Animals have two types of stem cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adult stem cells

A

Adult stem cells that can:
- divide to form cells of the same general type,
- e.g. stem cells in the bone marrow only form the different types of blood cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Embryonic stem cells

A

Embryonic stem cells from embryos or the umbilical cord can form the full range of cells in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where embryonic stem cells are found

A
  • embryos
  • umbilical cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do animal stem cells develop into after a number of divisions?

A

specialised cells which are adapted for particular functions, Ec.g. nerve cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where stem cells are found

A

meristems
- (the rapidly dividing zones at shoot and root apices, or tips).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do plant stem cells do after a number of divisions?

A
  • retain the ability to divide
  • can be used in cloning techniques
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Uses of stem cells in medicine

A

Bone marrow transplants
- leukaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bone marrow transplants

A

The stem cells in the bone marrow from a donor contain the ability to produce the different types of blood [cell in the right proportions (which doesn’t happen in leukaemia).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Leukaemia

A

type of cancer of the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Potential benefits of embryonic stem cells

A

• Diseases such as leukaemia can be treated
Replacement of body parts, including replacement organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Potential risks and ethical considerations of embryonic stem cells

A

• With leukaemia pre-treatment can involve radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, which can kill healthy cells as well

• The transfer of viruses or diseases from other animals

• Formation of tumours or the development of unwanted cell types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Peer review

A
  • scientific research is checked by other scientists of at least equal standing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does scientific research need to be

A

Validated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does a peer review cause

A
  • the scientists doing the validation often provide advice, allowing research to be improved on