🧫 Cells 🔬 Flashcards
What is the function of the nucleus
Control centre of cell
What is a tissue?
A group of similarly structured cells which come together to form part of an organ
What is a stem cell?
An undifferentiated cell which can divide into many cells it can also change into a number of different cells e.g. nerve cells
What are the advantages of embryonic stem cells?
- it is easier to culture than adult stem cells
- it can change into a number of different cells
What is one use of stem cells in medicine?
Used to treat leukaemia – blood cancer and is used in bone marrow transplants
What are the ethical issues that cause concern in stem cell research?
- murder to use embryonic cells because they’re not given the chance to grow
- ignoring the rights of the embryo
- scientists are playing God
- could lead to “designer babies”
How are stem cells used to treat leukaemia – blood cancer?
Bone marrow transplants
What are the structures found in plant cells which are not found in animal cells?
- chloroplasts
- cellulose cell wall
- vacuole
- starch grains
How do you calculate the magnification of a cell?
Length of image
Actual size x magnification
I
A. M
What are the effect of temperature on the rate of diffusion?
Diffusion
The random movement of a substance from where it is in a high conc area to a low conc area
Where do plant stem cells form?
Meristems
Cell
Basic building block of living organisms
🧫
Tissue
Groups of cells with similar structures and functions e.g skin 🤌
Organ
Groups of different tissues working together to form a structure with a particular function e.g brain 🧠
Organ system
Organs organised into organ systems e.g nervous system
Organism
Different organ systems make up the organism e.g person🕺
Bone marrow transplant method
The stem cells in the bone marrow from a donor contain the ability to produce the different types of blood [cell in the right proportions (which doesn’t happen in leukaemia).
Cell membrane
Forms a boundary to the cell and is selectively permeable, controlling what enters and leaves ✋🛡️
Cytoplasm
Site of chemical reactions 🧪
Nucleus
Control centre of the cell containing genetic information in the form of chomosomes; surrounded by a nuclear membrane
Nuclear membrane
Boundary of nucleus; controls what enters and leaves the nucleus
Mitochondria
Sites of cell respiration
Cell wall
Made of cellulose- rigid structure that provides support
Vacuole
Contains cell sap and provides support
Chloroplasts
Contain chlorophyll; the place where photosynthesis takes place
Plasmids
Small circular rings of DNA ⭕️🧬
Resolution 🔬
Microscope has ability to:
- preserve details when magnifying 🖼️
- see two separate points as distinct entities 🪡 🪡
Pros of electron microscope
- much greater resolution than light microscopes.
- higher magnification with detail preserved
- (electron microscopes × 500000 compared with light microscopes × 1500).
How an electron microscope works
In electron microscopes beams of electrons rather than beams of light pass through the specimen to form an image.
Adult stem cell limit
Can only divide to form cells of same general type e.g bone marrow only blood cells 🦴 :🩸
