Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 1B > Stem Cells And Reproductive Ethics > Flashcards

Stem Cells And Reproductive Ethics Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the key features of stem cells?

A

Unspecialised
Self-renew
Differentiate into different types of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pluripotent

A

Can differentiate into any cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Multipotent

A

Found in our tissues, can differentiate into “a few” different cell types
E.g. bones, bone marrow but not blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Unipotent

A

Differentiate into one cell type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a mature cell?

A

A stem cell after differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are four ways stem cells are used in research?

A
  1. Studying cell differentiation
  2. Gain understanding of prevention and treatments of birth defects
  3. Toxicity tests
  4. Identifying drug targets and therapeutics (regenerative medicine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is included in regenerative medicine ?

A

Repair, replace, restore, and regenerate - replacement of cells/tissues after damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where do adult stem cells come from?

A

Somatic tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are somatic tissues?

A

Internal organs, skin, bones, blood, connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Are adult stem cells pluripotent, multipotent, or unipotent?

A

Adult stem cells are unipotent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role of adult stem cells?

A

To maintain and renew it’s organ throughout the life of the organism that it belongs to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Autologous

A

Taken from a person and returned to the same person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Allogenic

A

Taken from a person and returned to a different person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What stage of the cell cycle are true stem cells in?

A

G0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are two uses for haematopoietic stem cells (HSC)?

A

*Bone marrow transplant
*Transplants for patients who need (diseased) blood replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some blood diseases?

A

Leukaemia
Sickle cell anaemia
Thalassaemia
Immune deficiencies

17
Q

Are embryonic stem cells unipotent, multipotent, or pluripotent?

A

Embryonic SCs are pluripotent

18
Q

Where are human ESCs derived from?

A

The inner cell mass of blastocysts (IF; d5 post-fertilisation)

19
Q

What are some applications of ESC?

A

Research
Drug-testing
Toxicology
Drug discovery
Therapy

20
Q

What is the main issue with using ESCs?

A

Embryonic life

21
Q

What are the current concerns in clinical hESC use?

A

*Need to refine methods
*Potential teratoma formation from undifferentiated cells
*Need to scale up experiments
*Animal products used in cultures

22
Q

What is a teratoma?

A

A tumour containing tissues of more than one germ layer

23
Q

Reprogramming somatic cells creates what?

A

Induced pluripotent stem cells which have the potential for use in cell therapy, research, or drug discovery

Biology 1B (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions