Lab Work Flashcards
To study all the things we learnt across the semester in labs
What is a Bradford Assay used for?
To quantify the amount of protein in an unknown sample.
Explain the Bradford reagent and what it does
It contains a green-brown dye that turns bright blue in the presence of proteins (with which it reacts)
A blue colour can be detected at what wavelength?
595nm
What is used to detect wavelengths?
A spectrophometer
What (very simply) occurs during the “light reactions” part of photosynthesis?
Light is converted into chemical energy.
What (very simply) occurs in the “dark reactions” part of photosynthesis?
CO2 is reduced and converted into sugars by an enzyme system
In the “dark reactions” stage, what is the ratio of oxygen liberated to CO2 absorbed?
1:1
What is the purpose of a “Hill Reaction”?
To follow the progress of the light reactions by means of a colour change
When looking through a spectrophotometer at chlorophyll, where is the highest peak?
Blue
How do you work out the Rf value?
(distance travelled by the component) / (distance travelled by solvent)
Why must plants regulate stomatal opening?
To prevent excess water loss/transpiration
What is the order of an indirect ELISA?
Dish -> Antigen -> 1st Antibody -> 2nd Antibody -> Enzyme -> Substrate
What is an indirect ELISA for?
Used to detect antibodies.
What is a direct ELISA for?
Used to detect antigens
If there is the compound you wanted in the ELISA the substrate will?….
Change colour to match the positive control
What is SDS-PAGE for?
Separating proteins of different sizes
Which proteins will travel the furthest in an SDS-PAGE -> smaller or larger?
Smaller.
Proteins are separated due to their molecular mass.
What is the weight of a ‘half’ IgG molecule?
75kDa
What happens in Prophase?
Chromosomes super coil and condense. Spindle fibres begin to form.
What happens in prometaphase?
The nuclear membrane starts disintegrating.
Spindle fibres attach to centromeres.
Chromosomes start to align.
What happens in Metaphase?
The spindle fibres attached to centromere of each sister chromatid force chromosomes to align along centre plane of cell.
Nuclear membrane disintegrates completely.
What happens in Anaphase?
Centromeres separate and sister chromatids begin to migrate towards opposite poles of the cell.
What happens in Telophase?
Chromosomes clustered at either end of cell.
Nuclear membrane starts to form.
The cell plate (new cell wall) starts to form between two daughter nuclei.
What follows telophase?
Cytokinesis
True or false: Plants continue to grow for their entire life
True!
What is the process called that plants continue to grow for their whole life?
Indeterminate growth
What are meristems made up of?
Continuously dividing cells
In a root, what is the “Zone of Cell Differentiation”?
Where cells develop into different types.
In a root, what is the “Zone of Cell Elongation”?
Where newly produced cells lengthen
In a root, what is contained in the “Zone of cell division”?
Meristem
What does the root cap do?
Protects underlying areas of the root from damage
What is the apex?
The point of the root furthest from the plant body
What are the four types of genetic traits?
Autosomal, Sex-Linked, Dominant, Recessive
What is type 1 mytotonic dystrophy caused by?
Caused by mutation of the DMPK gene on chromosome 19.
What is type 2 mytotonic dystrophy caused by?
Caused by mutation of the CNBP gene on chromosome 3
What is a “Silique”?
A long capsule containing a plants seeds
What is the life cycle of the Arabidopsis plant?
6 weeks
What is the “Stamen”?
The male part of the plant responsible for the production of pollen
What is the “Gyonaecium”?
The female organ composed of two fused carpels and has an ovary containing ovules (where the gamete develops), a style, and a stigma (where pollen alights).
What happens in ovules?
The gamete develops
What happens in the stigma?
Pollen alights
How many seeds will a typical arabidopsis have?
50-100 seeds
What is phototrophism?
The directed growth of a plant in response to light
Can a gene move from an autosome to an X chromosome?
NO
