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Biology 1B > Lab Work > Flashcards

Lab Work Flashcards

To study all the things we learnt across the semester in labs

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a Bradford Assay used for?

A

To quantify the amount of protein in an unknown sample.

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2
Q

Explain the Bradford reagent and what it does

A

It contains a green-brown dye that turns bright blue in the presence of proteins (with which it reacts)

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3
Q

A blue colour can be detected at what wavelength?

A

595nm

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4
Q

What is used to detect wavelengths?

A

A spectrophometer

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5
Q

What (very simply) occurs during the “light reactions” part of photosynthesis?

A

Light is converted into chemical energy.

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6
Q

What (very simply) occurs in the “dark reactions” part of photosynthesis?

A

CO2 is reduced and converted into sugars by an enzyme system

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7
Q

In the “dark reactions” stage, what is the ratio of oxygen liberated to CO2 absorbed?

A

1:1

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8
Q

What is the purpose of a “Hill Reaction”?

A

To follow the progress of the light reactions by means of a colour change

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9
Q

When looking through a spectrophotometer at chlorophyll, where is the highest peak?

A

Blue

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10
Q

How do you work out the Rf value?

A

(distance travelled by the component) / (distance travelled by solvent)

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11
Q

Why must plants regulate stomatal opening?

A

To prevent excess water loss/transpiration

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12
Q

What is the order of an indirect ELISA?

A

Dish -> Antigen -> 1st Antibody -> 2nd Antibody -> Enzyme -> Substrate

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13
Q

What is an indirect ELISA for?

A

Used to detect antibodies.

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14
Q

What is a direct ELISA for?

A

Used to detect antigens

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15
Q

If there is the compound you wanted in the ELISA the substrate will?….

A

Change colour to match the positive control

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16
Q

What is SDS-PAGE for?

A

Separating proteins of different sizes

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17
Q

Which proteins will travel the furthest in an SDS-PAGE -> smaller or larger?

A

Smaller.
Proteins are separated due to their molecular mass.

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18
Q

What is the weight of a ‘half’ IgG molecule?

A

75kDa

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19
Q

What happens in Prophase?

A

Chromosomes super coil and condense. Spindle fibres begin to form.

20
Q

What happens in prometaphase?

A

The nuclear membrane starts disintegrating.
Spindle fibres attach to centromeres.
Chromosomes start to align.

21
Q

What happens in Metaphase?

A

The spindle fibres attached to centromere of each sister chromatid force chromosomes to align along centre plane of cell.
Nuclear membrane disintegrates completely.

22
Q

What happens in Anaphase?

A

Centromeres separate and sister chromatids begin to migrate towards opposite poles of the cell.

23
Q

What happens in Telophase?

A

Chromosomes clustered at either end of cell.
Nuclear membrane starts to form.
The cell plate (new cell wall) starts to form between two daughter nuclei.

24
Q

What follows telophase?

A

Cytokinesis

25
Q

True or false: Plants continue to grow for their entire life

A

True!

26
Q

What is the process called that plants continue to grow for their whole life?

A

Indeterminate growth

27
Q

What are meristems made up of?

A

Continuously dividing cells

28
Q

In a root, what is the “Zone of Cell Differentiation”?

A

Where cells develop into different types.

29
Q

In a root, what is the “Zone of Cell Elongation”?

A

Where newly produced cells lengthen

30
Q

In a root, what is contained in the “Zone of cell division”?

A

Meristem

31
Q

What does the root cap do?

A

Protects underlying areas of the root from damage

32
Q

What is the apex?

A

The point of the root furthest from the plant body

33
Q

What are the four types of genetic traits?

A

Autosomal, Sex-Linked, Dominant, Recessive

34
Q

What is type 1 mytotonic dystrophy caused by?

A

Caused by mutation of the DMPK gene on chromosome 19.

35
Q

What is type 2 mytotonic dystrophy caused by?

A

Caused by mutation of the CNBP gene on chromosome 3

36
Q

What is a “Silique”?

A

A long capsule containing a plants seeds

37
Q

What is the life cycle of the Arabidopsis plant?

A

6 weeks

38
Q

What is the “Stamen”?

A

The male part of the plant responsible for the production of pollen

39
Q

What is the “Gyonaecium”?

A

The female organ composed of two fused carpels and has an ovary containing ovules (where the gamete develops), a style, and a stigma (where pollen alights).

40
Q

What happens in ovules?

A

The gamete develops

41
Q

What happens in the stigma?

A

Pollen alights

42
Q

How many seeds will a typical arabidopsis have?

A

50-100 seeds

43
Q

What is phototrophism?

A

The directed growth of a plant in response to light

44
Q

Can a gene move from an autosome to an X chromosome?

A

NO

45
Q
A

Biology 1B (15 decks)

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