Plants 2

Question 1

Plant growth and development are indeterminate - what does this mean?

Answer 1

Indeterminate means that the plants are not limited in lifespan or to a particular size.

Question 2

Animal growth and development are determinate, what does this mean

Answer 2

Determinate means that animals are fixed in time and scale

Question 3

Morphogeneisis is what?

Answer 3

Plant formation (development of cells, tissues, organs)

Question 4

What does morphogenesis arising in cell walls depend entirely upon?

Answer 4

Cell division

Question 4

What does it mean that plant growth and development is plastic?

Answer 4

Has an ability to adapt/alter development ‘on the fly’ - no fixed blueprint

Question 5

What is “knolle”?

Answer 5

A structural protein needed to form the cell division plate

Question 6

How does polarity arise in a ficus (brown algae) model?

Answer 6

Germination

Question 7

What factors induce germination?

Answer 7

Light
Heat
Osmotic gradient
pH
Salt
Fertilisation

Question 8

How is apical-basal polarity maintained?

Answer 8

Hormonal gradients

Question 9

What does an auxin gradient result in?

Answer 9

Directed transport between cells

Question 10

Plant tissue structure arises from

Answer 10

cell lineages with defined cell fates originating from established cell polarity

Question 11

What s a signal transduction?

Answer 11

The processes that operate to couple a stimulus to a response

Question 12

What does a signal transduction involve?

Answer 12

1. A receptor for the stimulus
2. A transduction process to transmit the signal
3. A response mechanism to act on the signal

Question 13

What are the two things that second messengers do?

Answer 13

1. Amplify the internal biochemical signal
2. Transfer the signal to the response mechanism

Question 14

What are stomata?

Answer 14

Hydraulic valves in the lead epidermis that permit CO2 entry for photosynthesis

Question 15

What are the cells around stomata called?

Answer 15

guard cells