* Stem Cells Flashcards
prop 71
passed. California used 3 billion to support embryonic stem cell research
In IVF procedure, sperm and eggs _____ in a dish leading to _____
interact; insemination
Male fertility issue
sometimes sperm cannot latch onto and penetrate the egg.
They may choose to have intra(within)- cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Helps parents with infertility
the woman is stimulated to release 7-8 eggs
egg is harvested and put in petri dish
then sperm is injected
morula
solid ball of cells.
after morula cells migrate, it gives rise to blastocyst
blastocyst
empty ball of cells
formed 5-14 days after fertilization
after 14 days, pluripotent stem cells become specialized into 4 tissue groups
Cells in inner cell mass are called _____
pluripotent stem cells
Totipotent stem cells
This cell can form the embryo and placenta
Pluripotent stem cells
this cells can just form the embryo (not the placenta like totipotent cells)
however they have the potential to become any cell type of any of the 4 tissues–> derive from blastocysts
Why are stem cells unique?
- They self renew (mitosis and cytokensis)
- they differentiate (can become more specialized)
Self-renew: _____ cell division
symmetric (stem cell & stem cell)
Differentiate:_____ cell division
asymmetric cell division (progenitor cell & stem cell)
adult stem cells are _____
multipotent
after day 14 of embryonic development pluripotent stem cells divide into 3 germ layers
Ectoderm: give rise to adult stem cells –> Progenitor cells: neural progenitor–> nervous system, Epithelial progenitor–> epithelium
Endoderm: give rise to adult stem cells–> progenitor cells: –> inner lining of gut and the respiratory tract
Mesoderm: give rise to adult stem cells–> progenitor cells: –> gives rise to the rest of tissue organs
Factors known to affect stem cells to keep them healthy
- low stress levels
- regular exercise
- enriching experiences
- learning new information
- healthy diets: rich in antioxidants
- avoid excessive drinking
Bone marrow transplant is an example of _____
adult stem cell-based therapy
Trachea transplantation is an example of
adult stem cell-based tissue regeneration
stem cells for drug delivery
Rat with tumor-> neuro adult stem cells migrate to tumor
rat w/o tumor-> neuro adult stem cells stay in same place, dont do anything (not needed)
stem cell technologies:
- cloning technologies
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- cloning: reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning
- induced: avoid the use of embryos, disease-specific stem lines created
which are the factors known to affect stem cells?
low stress level & regular exercise & healthy diet
bone marrow transplant is an example of adult stem cell-based therapy?
true
morula is a solid ball of cells
True
embryonic stem cells are multipotent
false; adult stem cells are multipotent
stem cells are unique because
they self-renew and they differentiate
the purpose of therapeutic cloning is to clone humans
T/F
false; the purpose is to avoid the use embryos, disease-specific stem cell lines created
totipotent cells can form:
the embryo and the placenta
nervous system is derived from ectoderm (T/F)
true
pluripotent stem cells are derived from the inner cell massof the …
blastocyst
