* Stem Cells

Question 1

prop 71

Answer 1

passed. California used 3 billion to support embryonic stem cell research

Question 2

In IVF procedure, sperm and eggs _____ in a dish leading to _____

Answer 2

interact; insemination

Question 3

Male fertility issue

Answer 3

sometimes sperm cannot latch onto and penetrate the egg.

They may choose to have intra(within)- cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

Question 4

Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection

Answer 4

Helps parents with infertility
the woman is stimulated to release 7-8 eggs
egg is harvested and put in petri dish
then sperm is injected

Question 5

morula

Answer 5

solid ball of cells.

after morula cells migrate, it gives rise to blastocyst

Question 6

blastocyst

Answer 6

empty ball of cells
formed 5-14 days after fertilization
after 14 days, pluripotent stem cells become specialized into 4 tissue groups

Question 7

Cells in inner cell mass are called _____

Answer 7

pluripotent stem cells

Question 8

Totipotent stem cells

Answer 8

This cell can form the embryo and placenta

Question 9

Pluripotent stem cells

Answer 9

this cells can just form the embryo (not the placenta like totipotent cells)
however they have the potential to become any cell type of any of the 4 tissues–> derive from blastocysts

Question 10

Why are stem cells unique?

Answer 10

• They self renew (mitosis and cytokensis)

- they differentiate (can become more specialized)

Question 11

Self-renew: _____ cell division

Answer 11

symmetric (stem cell & stem cell)

Question 12

Differentiate:_____ cell division

Answer 12

asymmetric cell division (progenitor cell & stem cell)

Question 13

adult stem cells are _____

Answer 13

multipotent

Question 14

after day 14 of embryonic development pluripotent stem cells divide into 3 germ layers

Answer 14

Ectoderm: give rise to adult stem cells –> Progenitor cells: neural progenitor–> nervous system, Epithelial progenitor–> epithelium
Endoderm: give rise to adult stem cells–> progenitor cells: –> inner lining of gut and the respiratory tract
Mesoderm: give rise to adult stem cells–> progenitor cells: –> gives rise to the rest of tissue organs

Question 15

Factors known to affect stem cells to keep them healthy

Answer 15

• low stress levels
• regular exercise
• enriching experiences
• learning new information
• healthy diets: rich in antioxidants
• avoid excessive drinking

Question 16

Bone marrow transplant is an example of _____

Answer 16

adult stem cell-based therapy

Question 17

Trachea transplantation is an example of

Answer 17

adult stem cell-based tissue regeneration

Question 18

stem cells for drug delivery

Answer 18

Rat with tumor-> neuro adult stem cells migrate to tumor

rat w/o tumor-> neuro adult stem cells stay in same place, dont do anything (not needed)

Question 19

stem cell technologies:

• cloning technologies
• induced pluripotent stem cells

Answer 19

• cloning: reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning

- induced: avoid the use of embryos, disease-specific stem lines created

Question 20

which are the factors known to affect stem cells?

Answer 20

low stress level & regular exercise & healthy diet

Question 21

bone marrow transplant is an example of adult stem cell-based therapy?

Answer 21

true

Question 22

morula is a solid ball of cells

Answer 22

True

Question 23

embryonic stem cells are multipotent

Answer 23

false; adult stem cells are multipotent

Question 24

stem cells are unique because

Answer 24

they self-renew and they differentiate

Question 25

the purpose of therapeutic cloning is to clone humans

T/F

Answer 25

false; the purpose is to avoid the use embryos, disease-specific stem cell lines created

Question 26

totipotent cells can form:

Answer 26

the embryo and the placenta

Question 27

nervous system is derived from ectoderm (T/F)

Answer 27

true

Question 28

pluripotent stem cells are derived from the inner cell massof the …

Answer 28

blastocyst