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Biology 100 > Chapter 36 > Flashcards

Chapter 36 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three components to the circulatory system?

A
  1. Blood is a fluid tissue composed of water, solutes and formed elements (50-60% plasma, 40-50% cellular portion)
  2. Blood vessels are tubes of various diameters through which blood is transported
  3. The heart is a muscular pump that generates pressure
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2
Q

Open circulatory system

A

( arachnids–> spiders, insects, invertebrates) Not blood, hemolymph–> clear fluid because no iron but cyonine used to pick up oxygen. heart pumps hemolymph toward brain, and then fluid perlocates through the body cavity outside of tubes

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3
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

(mammals, humans, verebrates) Blood does not leave, blood vessels provide oxygen. oxygen diffuses components of blood traffic across vessels to get nutrients

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4
Q

Right half of heart recieves _____ blood and pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation; ______ circuit

A

deoxygenated blood; pulmonary circuit

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5
Q

Left half recieves _____ blood from lungs and pumps the oxygen-rich blood to all of the body; _____ circuit

A

oxygenated; systemic

Systemic circuit feeds the system, delivers good, picks up waste and brings it back to the right side of the heart

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6
Q

How much blood does the average adult have ?

A

4-5 quarts

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7
Q

Functions of blood

A
  1. It carries O2 and nutrients to cells, and it carries secretions and wastes away from them
  2. contains phagocytic cells that fight infection
  3. it stabilizes internal pH
  4. equalizes body temperatures in birds and mammals
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8
Q

What is plasma?

A

this fluid portion of the blood is mostly water. Plasma consists of dissolved proteins, hormones, glucose, lipids, dissolved gases

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9
Q

Red blood cells are also called ______ & contain _____ which makes the color red

A

red blood cells, also called erythocytes, contain hemoglobin. Hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein that binds with oxygen. Hemoglobin makes blood red.

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10
Q

Where do red blood cells form?

A

they form in the red bone marrow from stem cells

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11
Q

how long do red blood cells live?

A

4 months- 120 days, then it is replaced by stem cells in the bone.

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12
Q

What happens when blood cell number drop due to blood loss?

A

The kidneys and liver sense a lowered oxygen delivery and produce the hormone- erythropoietin

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13
Q

Why do red blood cells get rid of nuclei when mature?

A

To make room for hemoglobin

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14
Q

erythropoietin stimulates….?

A

stimulates bone marrow to produce more red blood cells and as they carry more oxygen to the liver and kidneys, erythropoietin production drops once again in negative feedback loop

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15
Q

White blood cells are also called _____. For every 500 red blood cells, there is just _ white blood cell. the Function?

A

Also called leukocytes. every 500 RBC is 1 leukocyte. Leukocytes help defend the body against invaders and clean up debris.

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16
Q

platelets or thrombocytes are ______

A

fragments that help plug small leaks (clots blood). Vasoconstriction helps reduce blood flow to the site injury

17
Q

Platelets release….?

A

they release serotonin to stimulate constriction of blood vessels when there is an injury

18
Q

Thrombin is an enzyme that…?

A

converts dissolved fibrogen proteins into tough thread of fibrin that creates a blood clot

19
Q

Arteries branch into…?

A

large vessels with muscular walls that help keep up blood pressure. Arteries branch into smaller aterioles and these branch into capillaries.

20
Q

all veins in the system merge to form

A

superior and inferior vena cava

21
Q

arteries–> Endothelium is

A

simple squamous

22
Q

capillaries–> endothelium

A

endothelium allows diffusion. so tiny red blood cells form a single file line

23
Q

Veins are like arteries except veins have….

A

valves so they have efficient conduction of blood back to the heart

24
Q

Capillary side has a venous side that….

A

conveys oxygen poor blood and carbon dioxide wastes back to heart and lungs

25
Q

Atrium (_____) chamber and Ventricle (____) chamber is seperated by ____

A

atrium is receiving chamber; ventricle is pumping chamber.

Atrioventricular Valve separates chambers

26
Q

blood exists ventricle through _____ valve

A

semilunar valve

27
Q

Right atrioventicular valve also known as ____

A

tricuspid valve

28
Q

Left atrioventicular valve also known as ____

A

Bicuspid valve

29
Q

Cardae Tendinae attach to valve…

A

on one side to papillary muscles

30
Q

blood pressure

A

is the force blood exerts against the inner walls of blood vessels. although force occurs throughout the vascular system, most commonly refers to pressure in arteries.

31
Q

What happens during ventricular systole?

A

blood is squeezed out into the pulmonary trunk and aortra, which sharply increases the pressure in these arteries

32
Q

venus pressure _____ than arterial pressure

A

lower

33
Q

The maximum pressure during ventricular contraction is called ?

A

systolic pressure

34
Q

What happens during ventricular disatole?

A

aterial pressure drops, heart relaxes, and lowest pressure that remains in the arteries before next ventricular contraction is diastolic pressure.

35
Q

because of their elastic walls, aerties tend to…

A

“smooth out the pulsation associated with the discontinuous pumping cycle of the heart

36
Q

humans have an in-and-out air flow or ____

A

tidal ventilation, meaning that that some stale air remains in the lungs

37
Q

Trachea branch into ____, _____ lead into bronchioles that lead into tiny bubble-like sacs or Alevoli where _____

A

trachea branch out into bronchi, one per lung

alveolus: simple squamous, diffuses for gas exchange

Biology 100 (7 decks)

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