Chapter 36 Flashcards
What are the three components to the circulatory system?
- Blood is a fluid tissue composed of water, solutes and formed elements (50-60% plasma, 40-50% cellular portion)
- Blood vessels are tubes of various diameters through which blood is transported
- The heart is a muscular pump that generates pressure
Open circulatory system
( arachnids–> spiders, insects, invertebrates) Not blood, hemolymph–> clear fluid because no iron but cyonine used to pick up oxygen. heart pumps hemolymph toward brain, and then fluid perlocates through the body cavity outside of tubes
Closed circulatory system
(mammals, humans, verebrates) Blood does not leave, blood vessels provide oxygen. oxygen diffuses components of blood traffic across vessels to get nutrients
Right half of heart recieves _____ blood and pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation; ______ circuit
deoxygenated blood; pulmonary circuit
Left half recieves _____ blood from lungs and pumps the oxygen-rich blood to all of the body; _____ circuit
oxygenated; systemic
Systemic circuit feeds the system, delivers good, picks up waste and brings it back to the right side of the heart
How much blood does the average adult have ?
4-5 quarts
Functions of blood
- It carries O2 and nutrients to cells, and it carries secretions and wastes away from them
- contains phagocytic cells that fight infection
- it stabilizes internal pH
- equalizes body temperatures in birds and mammals
What is plasma?
this fluid portion of the blood is mostly water. Plasma consists of dissolved proteins, hormones, glucose, lipids, dissolved gases
Red blood cells are also called ______ & contain _____ which makes the color red
red blood cells, also called erythocytes, contain hemoglobin. Hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein that binds with oxygen. Hemoglobin makes blood red.
Where do red blood cells form?
they form in the red bone marrow from stem cells
how long do red blood cells live?
4 months- 120 days, then it is replaced by stem cells in the bone.
What happens when blood cell number drop due to blood loss?
The kidneys and liver sense a lowered oxygen delivery and produce the hormone- erythropoietin
Why do red blood cells get rid of nuclei when mature?
To make room for hemoglobin
erythropoietin stimulates….?
stimulates bone marrow to produce more red blood cells and as they carry more oxygen to the liver and kidneys, erythropoietin production drops once again in negative feedback loop
White blood cells are also called _____. For every 500 red blood cells, there is just _ white blood cell. the Function?
Also called leukocytes. every 500 RBC is 1 leukocyte. Leukocytes help defend the body against invaders and clean up debris.