Stem cells

Question 1

stem cells

Answer 1

undifferiated cells that have the abilty to differientate into specialised cell

found in embryo or bone marrow

Question 2

characterisitcs of stem cells

Answer 2

can divide and renew themselves
unspecalised-no function
they have the potienteak to become specialised eg. muscle and blood cells

Question 3

importance of stem cells

Answer 3

stem cells grow into new cells and can differiante into differnet organs that make up the body

Question 4

importance of stem cells for scientists

Answer 4

recreate human organs that can used for organ transplnaation

Question 5

2 main Properties of stem cells

Answer 5

self renweal
potency-can differinate into differnet cells

Question 6

Types of stem cells and examples of olgi potent and unipotent

Answer 6

totipotent
pluripotent
multipotent-
olgipotent-myeloid and lymphoid stem cells
unipotent-Large granula lymphocyte

Question 7

Totipotent stem cell and example

Answer 7

stem cell that can differiante into any cell type

an example of a totipototent cell is Zygote whichcan differentiate into any of the cells required to produce a foetus

Question 8

Pluripotent and example

Answer 8

stem cells that can differeiante into mutiple types of cells

eg.Embryonic stem cells can differntiate into three germ layers (mesoderm, ectoderm, endoderm

Question 9

Multipotent

Answer 9

stem cells that can only differinated into related family cells

eg. Stem cells in the bone marrow can only differntiate into types of blood cells (red, White and platelets) or a blastocyst

Question 10

Olgipotent

Answer 10

stem cell that can differienate to few differnet cells

Question 11

uni potent

Answer 11

can only produce into one type of cell

Question 12

what kind of stem cell is a cell that belong tothe same group of cells,

Answer 12

mutlipotent stem cell

Question 13

mesoderm, ectoderm, endoderm are called whatand come from what kind of stem cells

Answer 13

germ layers and pluripotent stem cells

Question 14

what are the Three germ layers that arise within the inner mass of a pluripotent stem cell:

Answer 14

Ectoderm – forms the skin, hair, nervous system, eyes

Mesoderm – forms muscles, cartilage, blood, bones

Endoderm – forms the lungs, digestive system, bladder and other organs.

Question 14

how do stem cells divide

Answer 14

mitosis

Question 15

why are all of our cells different if they have the same genetic information in their nucleus/ways that genes can be switched off

Answer 15

they synthesize and accumulate different sets of RNA and protein molecules.

Question 16

potency of a cell waht is

Answer 16

abilty for the cell to differiante

Question 17

stem cell therapy

Answer 17

promotes the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. It

Question 18

what kind of stem cells are zona pellucida, zygote, merula, blastocyt, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

Answer 18

zona pelluica, zyogte and merula are totipotnet
blasocyte is pluripotent
germ layers including ectoderm, endoterm and mesoderm are pluripotent

Question 19

stages that stem cells goes thorugh

Answer 19

TMPOU

Toti potent
multipotent
Pluripotent
olgipotent
unipotent

Question 19

steps of embyro development

Answer 19

Fertilization → Zygote → Cleavage → Morula → Blastula → Gastrula.

Question 20

what kind of stem cell is a blastocyst

Answer 20

pluripotent stem cell

Question 21

why are cells small

Answer 21

-large surface area to volume ration;
more substances be transported and enter and exit the cell faster
more waste and nutrients can be released/abosrded

Question 22

what are the two characteristics of stem cells

Answer 22

potency-stem cells have the potiental to become differienated which means that they can differiante and develop into liver cells

self renewal-

Question 23

Plastids and types of plastids

Answer 23

contain pigments used in photosynthesis and produce and store food

The three types of plastidsare Chloroplasts, Chromoplasts and Leucoplasts.

Question 24

function of Leucoplasts, chromoplast and chloroplast

Answer 24

Leucoplasts stores starch and oils, chomoplasts contains pigments toehr than green, chlorplasts are site of phototnesythsis

Question 25

what is the stage between nuclear division and the stage of acutal nuclear division

Answer 25

stage between nuclear division is interphase whereas the stage of actual nuclear diviosn is mitosis

Question 26

Extrinsic factors of apoptosis vs instrinsic factors of apoptosiis

Answer 26

Extrinsic factors of apoptosis are mild cell injury or damage to cell membrane

Instrinsic factors of apopotsis are viral infections or DNA damage

Question 27

where do totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent and unipotent stemm cells come from/derived from

Answer 27

Toti potent cells come from sperm and egg

mutlipotent cells can come from bone marrow

pluripotent cells come from blastocytes

unipotnet stem cells come from mutlipotent stem cells

Question 28

The number of cancer cells within the tissue is
rapidly increasing. This increase in the number
of cancer cells can be explained by

Answer 28

impaired signalling from death receptors located on the membrane of the cancer cells.