Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell cycle Flashcards
Steps of binary fission
.DNA replication- DNA, chromosomes and plasmids mutiple
Elongation-doubles in length and the duplicated DNA moves to opposite ends of the cell
Septum forms between the cells, cell undergoes cytokinesis and pulls in the cell membrane and cell wall
CYTOKINESIS-
2 new cell walls and membrane are formed in centre of the cell
cytokinesis
when the cytoplasm divides into two and 2 seperaet cells form
mitosis
Separation of sister chromatids and the formation of two nuclei
Interphase
Synthesis of DNA, organelles and proteins needed for replication
Stages of mitosis
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
prophase-what happens to nuclear envelop, what happens to chromatin and what do centrioles produce and where do they move to
Nuclear envelope starts to disappear
Chromatin condenses
centrioles produce from spinlde fibres and migrate to oppostire sides of the cell
contains 46 chromosomes and chromatids
Telophase- what do chorosmomes do, what forms, what happens to chromatin, what happens to nuclear envelope and what other process occurs and how many chromaitds are there during this phase
chromosomes cluster on opposite sides of the cell and two sepereate nucleus form
chromatin become visible no longer an x shape)
Nuclear envelope reappereaa
cytokinesis happens
clevage burrow forms
contains 92 chromatids
How many chromosomes are there in a cell after mitosis is completed(after telophase)
46 chromosomes and 92 chromatids
is mitosis sexual or asexual reproduction
both
When a complete chromsome(shaped as an x) spilts into two, what is it now called
chromatid
How many chromotids in a chromsoem
2 chromatids
how many chromatids in 2 chromosome
4 chromatids
centromere
holds the chromatids together
What is the longest stage of the cell cycle
interphase
3 sub phases of interphase
Gap 1(G1)
Sythensis phase(S phase)
Gap 2(G2)
G0 (resting phase) if further cell replication is not required
What is mitosis required for/ the purpose of cell division is
replacement of damaged cells in muticelluar eukaryotic organsims
what is the G1 phase involved in, what is being duplicated, what happens to the volume of cytsol in the G1 phase, why are proteins created in the G1 phase, why are orangalles replicated in the G1 phase,
Involved in the growth of a cell
all cells are duplicated besides chromsomes
volume of cystol increases
Proteins are created for DNA replication
organelles are replicated to prepare for replication
G1 phase
process to make the cell complete again and duplication of celluar contents besides chromsomes
G2 phase
monitors DNA duplications for growth and preparation for mitosis
G0 phase andexamples
phase of cell cycle where cell is not dividing or being prepared to mutiple
eg.brain cells or heart cells
What kind of cells are in the G0 phase, what are cells like and do in the G0 phase and some cells in this phase are what
cells that are not going to be duplicated are in the G0 phase
The cells in the G0 phase are dormant and can re enter the cell cycle eg. liver and regenerating
Some cells in this phase f damaged cannot be replaced or repaired(terminally deferinated)
S Phase
involved in the synthesis and replication of dna to produce two identical sister DNA chromatids