DNA structure/replication Flashcards
nucleic acid
large, linear polymers that form when nucleotides bond together.
Types of nucleic acid
DNA AND RNA
differences of RNA and DNA
RNA contains one more oxygen than DNA
the 5 carbon sugar is called ribose in RNA and called deoxyribose in DNA
Bases of DNA: GACT
Bases of RNA: GACU
RNA is single stranded and short whilst DNA is double stranded and long
double helix
a DNA molecule composed of 2 polymer strands that twist to form a helix shape
What is DNA made up of
nucleotides
What 3 chemical components do nucleotides in contain
Nitrogenous base
phosphate
5 carbon pentose sugar
How does DNA have a negaitve charge
nucelotides contain phosphate groups which have a negative charge
Types of nitrogen bases in DNA
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
what is the first carbon of a pentose sugar attached to
nitrogen base
what is the 5th carbon of a pentose sugar attached to
phosphate group
How are the nitrogen bases -adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine arranged
adenine and thymine-guanine and cytosine are arranged complementary and antiparallel to each other
what does DNA form into
a double helix
What does Adenine bind with
Thymine
What does guanine bind with
cytosine
nucleotide
a monomer that makes up a large molecule of DNA
monomer
a molecule that can be bonded to another molecule to form a polymer
condensation polymerisation
is the reaction that occurs when nucleotides bond together to form a phosphodiester bond
phosphodiester bond
term used to describe the bonding of multiple nucleotides
when mutiple nucleotides bind together, the bond between them is called
a phophodieste rbond