Stem Cell Engineering

Question 1

The five pillars of stem cell research are

Answer 1

Identifying drug targets and test potential therapeutics
Toxicity testing
Tissue/cells for transplantation
Study cell differentiation
Understanding prevention and treatment of birth defects

Question 2

Totipotent cells are like ___, pluripotent cells are like ___ and multipotent cells are like ____

Answer 2

zygote
embryonic stem cells
adult stem cells

Question 3

What is one major drawback of pluripotent embryonic stem cells?

Answer 3

can not develop a full organism

Question 4

ES can differentiate in a host cell into components like (6)

Answer 4

cartilage
bone
skin
nerves
gut
respiratory lining

Question 5

Teratomas

Answer 5

Or tumors with no axis formation or segmentation occurs when ES is injected too late in development or in adults

Question 6

ES can differentiate into (5) cell types

Answer 6

Adipocytes
Neuron
Macrophage
Smooth Muscle Cell
Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes

Question 7

ES cell character determined by 4 gene regulatory proteins

Answer 7

Oct4
Sox2
Klf4
Myc

Question 8

All 4 regulatory proteins together injected into ____ form ES cells

Answer 8

fibroblasts

Question 9

Of the 4 regulatory proteins, which was has shown to be not necessary but it improves efficiency of production?

Answer 9

Myc

Question 10

Challenges for regenerative medicine and transplantation therapy

Answer 10

Production of required cell type in pure form
Production of such cells in sufficient numbers
Longevity/stability of cells in culture
How injected? Where injected?
Proper integration into tissue/organ
Tissue/immune rejection
Genetic and epigenetic abberation (with continuous replication may undergo epigentic changes)

Question 11

Skin repair can be done by (3)

Answer 11

Cultured epidermal cells from healthy skin region

Cadaver skin, artificial skin made of collagen and glycosaminoglcycan on sheet of silicon ( immediate replacement)

Question 12

What are the immediate benefits of using artificial skin?

Answer 12

Protection from infection
Fibroblasts and blood capillaries from patient tissue migrate toward artificial skin and reform the connective tissue underneath