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OBMP Spring 2022 > Stem Cell Bio > Flashcards

Stem Cell Bio Flashcards

1
Q
  • Proliferate for an extended period
  • self-renewal
  • unspecialized
  • plasticity
  • can differentiate into specialized cell types
A

Stem cell

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2
Q

Can become any cell type in the body, plus those which can give rise to both the embryo and the placenta

A

Totipotent

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3
Q

Can become any cell type in the body (all 3 germ layers)

A

Pluripotent

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4
Q

Can develop into several types (HSC, MSC)

A

Multipotent

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5
Q

Explains mechanism of cellular aging (in normal cells, not stem cells), can only replicate so many times before undergoing cell death

A

Hayflick Limit

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6
Q

Without ______, chromosomes fray overtime and cells eventually stop dividing

A

telomerase

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7
Q

Complex which can prolong telomerase (immortalize)

A

TERT complex

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8
Q

Wingless-type MMTV integration site family member

A

Wnt

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9
Q
  • Important regulatory signaling axis
  • Influences developmental processes in the embryo
  • Regulates maintenance, self-renewal and differentiation of adult mammalian tissue stem cells
  • Divided into canonical and noncanonical Wnt pathways, (requirement or independence of intracellular B-catenin)
  • Do not view canonical and noncanonical pathways as independent, linear pathways-part of a complex and dynamic signaling network
A

Wnt

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10
Q

What types of cells have the longest telomeres?

A

germ, stem, somatic

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11
Q

In adults, ____ signaling is important in both maintenance and differentiation

A

Wnt

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12
Q

Lengthens telomeres by adding sequences that prevents reaching hayflick limit

A

telomerase

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13
Q

Epidermis, epithelial lining of oral cavity/rectum, nervous system

A

Ectoderm

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14
Q

skeletal, muscular system, dermis, CVS, execretory system, repro,

A

mesoderm

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15
Q

epithelial lining of digestive tract and respiratory tract, associated glands of these systems; epithelial lining of urinary bladder

A

endoderm

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16
Q

Removes embryos nucleus and replaces it with another persons adult cell nucleus

A

somatic cell nuclear transfer

17
Q

Problems with resurrecting a species

A
  • DNA only coming from single female
  • Can cross breed with closely related species
  • Can use CRISPR/Cas9 (gene editing and manipulation) to introduce males
18
Q

Undifferentiated mES cells and embryoid bodies form_____ when injected into synergenic or immunocompromised mice

A

teratomas

19
Q

Benign tumors, derived from normal ESCs, composed of somatic differentiated tissues only, continued expression of survivin upon differentiation may contribute to teratoma formation

A

Teratomas

20
Q

Organs lack stem cell grow and replace cells through ______

A

mitosis

21
Q

push and pull of HSCs

A

Push from cell signaling and pull from infectious environment

22
Q

Cells that differentiate into connective, cartilage, fat, and bone cells

A

mesenchymal

23
Q

How to determine if a cell is mesenchymal or not

A

cell surface markers, adherent to cell culture plastic, and differentiate into different cell lineages

24
Q

Four factors that can send cells back to puripotency (reprogram and repair)

A

Oct 3.4 (can be used alone), Sox3, c0Myc, and Klf4

25
Q

Making a cell a different type of cell without pushing it back to pluripotency

A

Transdifferentiation

26
Q
  • Self renewal
  • Tumor progression
  • Metastasis
  • Chemoresistance
A

cancer stem cells

27
Q

Markers for CSC

A

CD326, CD44, CD133, CD117

28
Q

CSC population within a particular cancer can be ______

A

heterogenous

29
Q

___ can be used to identify and target CSC populations

A

markers

30
Q

DOSCs can be used to regenerate____

A

neurons

31
Q

What type of signaling causes regeneration?

A

Wnt

OBMP Spring 2022 (4 decks)

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