Biology of Neoplasia

Question 1

“new growth”
abnormal mass of tissue
uncoordinated, excessive growth
heterogeneity

Answer 1

Neoplasia

Question 2

benign

Answer 2

-oma

Question 3

epithelial malignant

Answer 3

carcinoma

Question 4

connective tissue malignant

Answer 4

sarcoma

Question 5

• well-circumscribed
• no invasion into surrounding tissues
• slower growing
• generally non-life threatening except for secretion of hormones, pressure on adjacent structures

Answer 5

benign neoplasms

Question 6

• precursor lesions to cancer
• many features of malignancy
• localized (no invasion)
• May regress

Answer 6

Premalignancy

Question 7

Examples of pre-malignancy

Answer 7

FAP, Oral dysplasia, actinic keratosis, CIN

Question 8

Oral dysplasia can be

Answer 8

mild moderate severe

Question 9

Chemical carcinogens, radiation, infectious agents

Answer 9

environmental factors

Question 10

Inherited gene mutations, polymorphisms, somatic gene mutations

Answer 10

genetic factors

Question 11

Change from one type of epithelium to another

Answer 11

metaplasia

Question 12

place of largest risk for melanoma

Answer 12

Australia

Question 13

___% of factors are related to lifestyle

Answer 13

80

Question 14

Hallmarks of cancer

Answer 14

1) sustaining proliferative signaling
2) Evading growth suppressors
3) activating invasion and metastasis
4) enabling replicative immortality
5) inducing angiogenesis
6) Resisting cell death

Question 15

Emerging hallmarks of cancer

Answer 15

1) deregulation cellular energetics

2) avoiding immune destruction

Question 16

Enabling characteristics of cancer

Answer 16

1) tumor-promoting inflammation

2) Genome instability and mutation

Question 17

Neural function

Answer 17

CDK5

Question 18

RNA pol II

Answer 18

CDK9

Question 19

G2/M

Answer 19

CDK10

Question 20

RNA Splicing

Answer 20

CDK12

Question 21

Cell cycle only goin one way

Answer 21

Destruction of a protein:

1) SCF/proteasome degrades phosphorylated S-phase cyclin-CDK inhibitor
2) APC-Cdc20/proteasoe degrades securin
3) APC-Cdh1/protasome degrades mitotic cyclins

Question 22

G->S

Answer 22

degradation of p27

Question 23

Metaphase-> anaphase

Answer 23

unlinking of sister chromatids by cleavage of Scc1 (securin)

Question 24

Cell exits mitosis by

Answer 24

degradation of cyclin B

Question 25

pRB CDK substrate

Answer 25

pRB and related proteins p107, p130

-RB represses activity of transcription factors, when phosphorylated, transcription goes ahead.

Question 26

RB is a tumor suppressor that may be mutated or deleted in

Answer 26

retinoblastoma

Question 27

RB is considered a

Answer 27

pocket protein

Question 28

The goal of a pocket protein is to

Answer 28

suppress growth

Question 29

E24+DP with RB is ____

Answer 29

inactive

Question 30

RB can be cleaved off and cause substrate to be

Answer 30

active

Question 31

Reasons RB can be inactive

Answer 31

1) mutant
2) viral
3) cleaving RB

Question 32

E2F1-3

Answer 32

Growth promoting

Question 33

E2F3-5

Answer 33

Repressors and bind to RB and other pocket proteins p107 + p130

Question 34

p21 inhibits

Answer 34

CDK activity

Question 35

p21 can act as an

Answer 35

assembly factor for G1 CDK complexes

Question 36

p21 is involved in

Answer 36

terminal differentiation

Question 37

p21 inhibits DNA _____, but not _____

Answer 37

replication but not repair

Question 38

p27 is turned over by

Answer 38

ubiquitin

Question 39

if you lose one copy of ___ you are more likely to develop tumors

Answer 39

p27

Question 40

p16 inhibitor of

Answer 40

CDK4 (Important in G1)

Question 41

CDKN2b inhibits ___ causing _____ arrest

Answer 41

CDK4/6, G1

Question 42

• ensure cell divides and gives 2 identical daughter cells
• prevents cells division following genotoxic stress
• allow repair of genome damage (G1, S, G2)

Answer 42

check points for quality control