Stem cell and Developing Brain Flashcards
neural stem cell fates are determined in a _ _ manner
spatiotemporal
what is the neural plate is generated from what?
the dorsal ectoderm by neural induction
how does the neural plate turn into the neural tube
detaches from the epidermis
what type of epithelium lines the ventricle
pseudostratified neuroepithelium
what is neural patterning
biological process by which cells in the developing nervous system acquire distinct identities according to their specific spatial positioning
what is a major determinant of neural cell fate in the spinal cord
the dorsal ventral positioning
what does the floor plate release
Sonic HedgeHog (Shh)
what does the roof plate release
Brain morphogenic protein (BMP)
what is a morphogen and give examples
secreted signalling molecule that drives the organisation of regional groups into patterns, have different cellular responses at different concentrations (ie: BMP and Shh)
what does each cell along the DV axis have?
a unique molecular address
what do motor neurons express
NKx6.1
what does transcription factor does NKx6.1 induce
NKx6.1 induces Olig2
what is Olig2 function
to induce motor neuron differentiation
what does Olig2 activate
Hb9 and Isl1I2
during asymmetric cell division how does the apical complex impact the basal complex
the apical complex induces movement of the basal complex to the basal pole
the basal complex turns on genes for _____ and turns off genes for ___ and inhibits ____
the basal complex turns on genes for neuronal differentiation and turns off genes for proliferation and inhibits notch
what determines the proteins inherited after cell division
the orientation of the mitotic spindle and the plane of cleavage
what are radial neuroepithelial cells +ve for when undergoing symmetric cell division
Nestin +ve
NECs transform into radial glial cells what do they now express and what type of cell division is occurring
they are now Nestin +ve and BLBP +ve and they are undergoing asymmetric cell division
describe delta-notch signalling between two NPCs
2 NPCs, both equally express the ligand delta and the receptor notch. these bind to each other to repress the gene, neurogenin, which promotes neuronal cell differentiation, maintaining the NPCs as stem cells.
if there is greater signalling through the notch receptor of NPC2, neurogenin is reperssed in this cell, neurogenin-induced delta expression in NPC 2 is greatly reduced so this does not produce enough to signal through notch on NPC1 to repress neurogenin. NPC1 will express neurogenin and enter differentiation and NPC2 will remain a stem cell
what is the dorsal-most region of the spinal cord?
the roof plate
the roof plate is a ___ signalling centre
the roof plate is a BMP signalling centre
what type of gradient does the roof plate establish
a dorso-ventral bone morphogenetic protein
