stem cell

Question 1

stem cell

Answer 1

undifferentiated cells that are ablet to differentiate into specialized cell types

Question 2

what is a stem cell

Answer 2

a stem cell will differentiate into a self-renewal for copying and a specialized cell

Question 3

two types of stem cells

Answer 3

• embryonic
  -adult
  (characterized by their potency)

Question 3

embryonic stem cells (where to find them)

Answer 3

they are found in the inner cell mass of blastocyst. They can then be cultured in a lab to grow more cells.

Question 4

Embryonic stem cells (what they can do)

Answer 4

embryonic stem cells can make all the different types of cell in the body. they are pluripotent.

Question 5

potency

Answer 5

stem cells are characterized by their potential to differentiate into other types of cells. this is called potency. It decreases during this.

Question 6

Types of stem cells (potency)

Answer 6

totipotent
pluripotent
multipotent
unipotent

Question 7

Totipotent

Answer 7

able to differentiate into all possible cell types including the placenta. The zygote up to the 16 cell morula stage consists of totipotent

Question 8

Pluripotent

Answer 8

able to differentiate into any of the germ layers. cells from the inner cell mass of the blastocysts are pluripotent

Question 9

Multipotent

Answer 9

able to differentiate into a closely related family of cells. For example hematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow can become red and white blood cells or platelets

Question 10

Unipotent

Answer 10

able to only produce cells of their own type, but have the property of self-renewal required to be labeled a stem cell. Example include (adult) muscle stem cells.

Question 11

Germ layers

Answer 11

Ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

Question 12

ectoderm

Answer 12

neuron, skin cells and pigment cells

Question 13

Mesoderm

Answer 13

skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, red blood cells and bone cells

Question 14

endoderm

Answer 14

stomach cells, pancreatic cells, liver cells.

Question 15

Adult stem cells

Answer 15

undifferentiated cells found throughout the body after development

Question 16

Problem of adult stem cells

Answer 16

they are not pluripotent like embryonic stem cells making them difficult to located.

Question 17

difference between embryonic and adult stem cells

Answer 17

embryonic:
- pluripotent
- large numbers can be obtained
- easy to locate
- will divide indefinitely
- can cause immune rejection
- high ethical controversy and uncertain legal status

Adult:
- multipotent or unipotent
- limited numbers can be obtained
- difficult to isolate
- cannot divide indefinitely
- may avoid immune rejection if use patients own cells
- less ethical and legal controversy.