Cell Organelles Flashcards
prokaryotic cell
- a unicellular organism
-no membrane bound organelles
-no nucleus
-contain DNA in a circular chromosome
-divide with binary fission
-bacteria
Eukaryotic cell
-unicellular and multicellular
-contains membrane bound organelles
- contain a nucleus and DNA in multi linear chromosomes
-divide through mitosis and meiosis.
-plant, animal, fungi and protists
cytosol
a fluid found inside every living cell that consists of water containing dissolved substances
nucleus
The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane. Its role is to protect and confine the genetic information (DNA) of the cell. Inside the nucleus is a smaller structure known as the nucleolus which is the site of ribosome production.
Mitochondria
- Contains a double membrane
- Mitochondria are the site of aerobic cellular
respiration, a chemical reaction that produces the ATP required to power cellular processes. They also contain their own DNA and ribosomes.
Golgi apparatus
Stacked flattened sacs that are the sites of protein sorting, packaging, and modification for use in the cell or export. Protein-filled vesicles often fuse with or bud off from the Golgi apparatus. Also known as the Golgi body.
lysosomes
A membrane-bound vesicle that contains digestive enzymes. It is responsible for breaking down cell waste and toxins, acting like a garbage disposal.
chloroplasts
A double membrane-bound organelle that contains flattened, fluid-filled sacs that are the site of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts also contain their own DNA and ribosomes
vacuoles
A membrane-bound sac that is used for water and solute storage. Vacuoles can also play a role in maintaining plant cell structure.
vesicle
A small, membrane-bound sac that transports substances into or out of a cell, or stores substances within a cell.
cell wall
A sturdy border outside the plasma membrane that provides strength and structure to plant, bacterial, and fungal cells.
cell membrane
The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier between the intracellular and the extracellular environment. It is made of a phospholipid bilayer which is studded with many molecules.
ribosomes
Ribosomes are tiny structures made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins that fold into a large and small subunit. Ribosomes assemble the building blocks to make proteins.
cytoskeleton
A large network of protein filaments that start at the nucleus and reach out to the plasma membrane. The cytoskeleton is critical for maintaining shape and transporting vesicles around the cell.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
A membranous chain of connected and flattened sacs which are coated with ribosomes. This allows the rough endoplasmic reticulum to synthesise and modify proteins. The rough endoplasmic reticulum typically surrounds, or is close to, the nucleus.
